{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2889608101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2865050","title":"A Linear Direct-Digital Converter for Sinusoidal Encoders","display_name":"A Linear Direct-Digital Converter for Sinusoidal Encoders","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2889608101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2865050","mag":"2889608101"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2865050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2865050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080841369","display_name":"Nandapurkar Kishor Bhaskarrao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-4114"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nandapurkar Kishor Bhaskarrao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041679557","display_name":"C. S. Anoop","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-7386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I882761360","display_name":"Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05k37ht14","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I882761360"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chandrika Sreekantan Anoop","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Avionics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Avionics, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882761360"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103122405","display_name":"Pranab Kumar Dutta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9906-719X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranab Kumar Dutta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080841369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85923378,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"7","first_page":"2570","last_page":"2578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13928","display_name":"Advanced Sensor Technologies Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emulation","display_name":"Emulation","score":0.9134520292282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6884819269180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sine","display_name":"Sine","score":0.6029055118560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotary-encoder","display_name":"Rotary encoder","score":0.515561580657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5107169151306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trigonometric-functions","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","score":0.46472030878067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.44630923867225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.44222480058670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sine-wave","display_name":"Sine wave","score":0.4407123029232025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3923659324645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.37503206729888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.18834757804870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17983108758926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16342106461524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08160272240638733}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.9134520292282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6884819269180298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186661526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13647261","display_name":"Sine","level":2,"score":0.6029055118560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37488316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53699","display_name":"Rotary encoder","level":3,"score":0.515561580657959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5107169151306152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178009071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93344","display_name":"Trigonometric functions","level":2,"score":0.46472030878067017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.44630923867225647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.44222480058670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66907618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207527","display_name":"Sine wave","level":3,"score":0.4407123029232025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3923659324645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37503206729888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.18834757804870605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17983108758926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16342106461524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08160272240638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2865050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2865050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W287569203","https://openalex.org/W1535614485","https://openalex.org/W1568848721","https://openalex.org/W1980983554","https://openalex.org/W1986435848","https://openalex.org/W2006828291","https://openalex.org/W2010238760","https://openalex.org/W2053070779","https://openalex.org/W2065176945","https://openalex.org/W2092528595","https://openalex.org/W2095793361","https://openalex.org/W2121484818","https://openalex.org/W2140536808","https://openalex.org/W2145332966","https://openalex.org/W2169515246","https://openalex.org/W2192480702","https://openalex.org/W2300574701","https://openalex.org/W2528367837","https://openalex.org/W2585688746","https://openalex.org/W2735726187","https://openalex.org/W2792081307","https://openalex.org/W6652267844"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886467464","https://openalex.org/W2063166054","https://openalex.org/W2358475213","https://openalex.org/W3142213391","https://openalex.org/W2328538906","https://openalex.org/W1775321609","https://openalex.org/W2028663913","https://openalex.org/W2379854577","https://openalex.org/W2066336292","https://openalex.org/W4226341002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,18,24,42,51,145,155],"novel":[4],"linear":[5,52],"direct-digital":[6,54],"converter":[7],"for":[8,56,63,126],"sinusoidal":[9,25,157],"encoders":[10],"(LDCS)":[11],"to":[12],"measure":[13],"the":[14,34,70,78,95,104,110,166,180,192,201],"angular":[15,72],"position":[16],"of":[17,23,33,69,77,91,109,183,197,200],"rotating":[19],"shaft.":[20],"The":[21,37,59,74,119,161,176],"outputs":[22,48],"encoder":[26,158],"vary":[27],"as":[28,154],"sine":[29],"and":[30,49,66,83,101,106,116,136,169,195],"cosine":[31],"functions":[32],"shaft":[35,71,184],"angle.":[36],"proposed":[38],"LDCS,":[39],"which":[40,152,190],"has":[41],"low":[43],"component":[44],"count,":[45],"processes":[46],"these":[47,142],"renders":[50],"accurate":[53],"output":[55,120],"full-circle":[57],"range.":[58],"LDCS":[60,79,96,111,162],"is":[61,80,98,129,139,159,163,186,205],"suitable":[62],"both":[64],"static":[65,105,127,181],"dynamic":[67,107,193],"measurements":[68],"position.":[73],"working":[75],"principle":[76],"mathematically":[81],"derived":[82],"explained":[84],"in":[85,179,208],"this":[86,209],"paper.":[87,210],"An":[88],"elaborate":[89],"evaluation":[90],"non-ideal":[92],"parameters":[93],"affecting":[94],"operation":[97],"carried":[99,174],"out":[100],"reported.":[102],"Furthermore,":[103],"performances":[108],"are":[112,173],"verified":[113],"using":[114],"simulation":[115,135],"emulation":[117,124,137],"studies.":[118,143],"nonlinearity":[121,178],"obtained":[122],"during":[123,141],"studies,":[125],"measurement,":[128],"0.027%.":[130],"A":[131],"close":[132],"agreement":[133],"between":[134],"results":[138],"observed":[140],"Later,":[144],"tunneling":[146],"magnetoresistance":[147],"(TMR)":[148],"angle":[149,185],"sensing":[150,167],"unit":[151],"acts":[153],"representative":[156],"fabricated.":[160],"interfaced":[164],"with":[165],"unit,":[168],"several":[170],"experimental":[171],"tests":[172,189],"out.":[175],"worst-case":[177],"measurement":[182],"0.29%.":[187],"Additional":[188],"study":[191],"performance":[194],"effect":[196],"mechanical":[198],"misalignments":[199],"combined":[202],"TMR-LDCS":[203],"system":[204],"also":[206],"revealed":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
