{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2893354825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2851698","title":"Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Conductors Subjected to Static and Impact Loads Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors","display_name":"Monitoring of Overhead Transmission Conductors Subjected to Static and Impact Loads Using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2893354825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2851698","mag":"2893354825"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2851698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2851698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053533832","display_name":"Daniel H. Waters","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3754-5990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311060795","display_name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel H. Waters","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012398778","display_name":"Joseph Hoffman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5846-7007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311060795","display_name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Hoffman","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031772720","display_name":"M. Kumosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-8347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311060795","display_name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131651094","display_name":"University of Denver","ror":"https://ror.org/04w7skc03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Kumosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7426-8347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center for Novel High Voltage/Temperature Materials and Structures, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795","https://openalex.org/I131651094"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89412593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"2","first_page":"595","last_page":"605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12696","display_name":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-bragg-grating","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","score":0.7761217355728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductor","display_name":"Electrical conductor","score":0.7205052375793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6888207197189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductor","display_name":"Conductor","score":0.6029180884361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.44679829478263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4308345317840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.4176400303840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.35300010442733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3277742266654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.27662143111228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.272848904132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.20592552423477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19100195169448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelength","display_name":"Wavelength","score":0.16301286220550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.14666038751602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11329042911529541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43091971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397391","display_name":"Fiber Bragg grating","level":3,"score":0.7761217355728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.7205052375793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6888207197189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34800285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159395","display_name":"Conductor","level":2,"score":0.6029180884361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.44679829478263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4308345317840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.4176400303840637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.35300010442733765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3277742266654968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.27662143111228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.272848904132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.20592552423477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19100195169448853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.16301286220550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.14666038751602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11329042911529541}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2851698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2851698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511074012","https://openalex.org/W1604130902","https://openalex.org/W1975930821","https://openalex.org/W1986624408","https://openalex.org/W1998745246","https://openalex.org/W2014346439","https://openalex.org/W2017890352","https://openalex.org/W2026884631","https://openalex.org/W2029096689","https://openalex.org/W2040042567","https://openalex.org/W2063234791","https://openalex.org/W2069275039","https://openalex.org/W2078417696","https://openalex.org/W2080845071","https://openalex.org/W2084560333","https://openalex.org/W2101328414","https://openalex.org/W2111599988","https://openalex.org/W2112960567","https://openalex.org/W2130678454","https://openalex.org/W2133328190","https://openalex.org/W2133835985","https://openalex.org/W2139234197","https://openalex.org/W2151066929","https://openalex.org/W2473264686","https://openalex.org/W2595433172","https://openalex.org/W2904899984","https://openalex.org/W4210700083","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6657660659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154897855","https://openalex.org/W2773988189","https://openalex.org/W2249187501","https://openalex.org/W2393055178","https://openalex.org/W4232801483","https://openalex.org/W4248332891","https://openalex.org/W2187298936","https://openalex.org/W3120082514","https://openalex.org/W4241030107","https://openalex.org/W1642292833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0,84],"has":[1],"previously":[2],"been":[3],"shown":[4,86],"that":[5,58,87,147],"the":[6,27,44,49,73,93,101,106,111,124,139,148,152,169,178,186],"next-generation":[7],"polymer":[8],"core":[9],"composite":[10],"high-voltage":[11],"transmission":[12],"line":[13],"conductors":[14,74,141],"under":[15,88,126,142],"severe":[16],"transverse":[17],"impact":[18,82,144,157,192],"conditions":[19],"develop":[20],"complex":[21],"failure":[22],"modes":[23],"strongly":[24],"dependent":[25],"on":[26,100,138],"type":[28],"and":[29,81,90,104,129,131,154,175,190],"magnitude":[30,155],"of":[31,43,48,72,79,110,120,156,163,172,188],"external":[32],"multiaxial":[33],"loads.":[34],"In":[35],"this":[36],"paper,":[37],"we":[38],"greatly":[39],"improve":[40],"our":[41],"understanding":[42],"dynamic":[45],"structural":[46],"response":[47],"conductor":[50],"subjected":[51,75],"to":[52,76],"low-velocity":[53],"impacts.":[54],"We":[55],"successfully":[56],"demonstrate":[57],"fiber":[59],"Bragg":[60],"grating":[61],"(FBG)":[62],"sensors":[63,94,112,149,174,180],"could":[64,181],"be":[65,182],"a":[66,77,159],"viable":[67],"technique":[68],"for":[69],"in-service":[70],"monitoring":[71,187],"variety":[78],"static":[80,89],"situations.":[83],"is":[85,113],"low-energy/velocity":[91],"conditions,":[92],"can":[95,150],"accurately":[96],"measure":[97],"strains":[98,122],"both":[99],"bare":[102],"rods":[103,125],"inside":[105],"conductors.":[107],"The":[108,136],"accuracy":[109],"independently":[114],"verified":[115],"by":[116],"performing":[117],"finite-element":[118],"calculations":[119],"associated":[121],"in":[123,185,194],"axial":[127],"tension":[128],"three-":[130],"four-point":[132],"bend":[133],"loading":[134],"conditions.":[135],"tests":[137],"full-scale":[140],"low-energy":[143],"also":[145],"show":[146],"identify":[151],"location":[153],"with":[158,168],"very":[160],"high":[161],"degree":[162],"sensitivity.":[164],"These":[165],"results,":[166],"combined":[167],"intrinsic":[170],"properties":[171],"optical":[173],"fibers,":[176],"indicate":[177],"FBG":[179],"especially":[183],"useful":[184],"low-":[189],"high-energy":[191],"events":[193],"service.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}