{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2803780417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2834118","title":"The Effect of Internal Pipe Wall Roughness on the Accuracy of Clamp-On Ultrasonic Flowmeters","display_name":"The Effect of Internal Pipe Wall Roughness on the Accuracy of Clamp-On Ultrasonic Flowmeters","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2803780417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2834118","mag":"2803780417"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2834118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2834118","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/19/8568022/08360151.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/19/8568022/08360151.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041625245","display_name":"Xiaotang Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8230-1979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotang Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Non-Destructive Evaluation Group, Mechanical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Non-Destructive Evaluation Group, Mechanical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059383222","display_name":"Frederic Cegla","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic Cegla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Non-Destructive Evaluation Group, Mechanical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Non-Destructive Evaluation Group, Mechanical Engineering, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041625245"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1082,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90732087,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"1","first_page":"65","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11778","display_name":"Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.7131558060646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-flow-meter","display_name":"Ultrasonic flow meter","score":0.6714379191398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-roughness","display_name":"Surface roughness","score":0.6080207824707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5268534421920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-measurement","display_name":"Flow measurement","score":0.49121159315109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-finish","display_name":"Surface finish","score":0.4828236997127533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.46489375829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.46199870109558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow-conditioning","display_name":"Flow conditioning","score":0.433038592338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.4289160966873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.383097767829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.263705313205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15307924151420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.08727326989173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.0758536159992218}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.7131558060646057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63066824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165466","display_name":"Ultrasonic flow meter","level":3,"score":0.6714379191398621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107365816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114817","display_name":"Surface roughness","level":2,"score":0.6080207824707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5268534421920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16302685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15091623","display_name":"Flow measurement","level":2,"score":0.49121159315109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71039073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3439090","display_name":"Surface finish","level":2,"score":0.4828236997127533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.46489375829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46199870109558105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92854067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5462091","display_name":"Flow conditioning","level":4,"score":0.433038592338562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.4289160966873169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.383097767829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.263705313205719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15307924151420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.08727326989173889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0758536159992218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2834118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2834118","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/19/8568022/08360151.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/59319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/59319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"72","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2834118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2834118","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/19/8568022/08360151.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321397","display_name":"ABB","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks5vt51"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803780417.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2803780417.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141720598","https://openalex.org/W1517298149","https://openalex.org/W1963751286","https://openalex.org/W1978115191","https://openalex.org/W1981473018","https://openalex.org/W2001865178","https://openalex.org/W2019884571","https://openalex.org/W2035137613","https://openalex.org/W2035582891","https://openalex.org/W2038244456","https://openalex.org/W2049800636","https://openalex.org/W2060376504","https://openalex.org/W2074888872","https://openalex.org/W2110263067","https://openalex.org/W2113356819","https://openalex.org/W2132489092","https://openalex.org/W2163874281","https://openalex.org/W2519004761","https://openalex.org/W2531660289","https://openalex.org/W2547671016","https://openalex.org/W2744402341","https://openalex.org/W4238078318","https://openalex.org/W6605807782","https://openalex.org/W6728657555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3094655656","https://openalex.org/W2354654388","https://openalex.org/W2137937466","https://openalex.org/W2711473046","https://openalex.org/W2101508297","https://openalex.org/W3000716127","https://openalex.org/W4247734577","https://openalex.org/W125977107","https://openalex.org/W2322839301","https://openalex.org/W2160408789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Clamp-on":[0],"transit-time":[1],"ultrasonic":[2,133,164],"flowmeters":[3],"(UFMs)":[4],"suffer":[5],"from":[6,18],"poor":[7],"accuracy":[8,218],"compared":[9,173],"with":[10,128,159,174,178],"spool-piece":[11],"UFMs":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,55,60],"uncertainties":[15,29,58],"that":[16,73,112,172,205,215],"result":[17],"the":[19,25,37,52,57,83,108,119,139,142,199,217],"in-field":[20],"installation":[21],"process.":[22],"One":[23],"of":[24,28,45,68,110,118,196,219],"important":[26,213],"sources":[27],"is":[30,210],"internal":[31,61,161,183,207],"pipe":[32,62,157,206],"wall":[33,63],"roughness":[34,209],"which":[35],"affects":[36],"flow":[38,85,200],"profile":[39],"and":[40,70,141,188],"also":[41],"causes":[42],"significant":[43],"scattering":[44,67],"ultrasound.":[46],"This":[47,203],"paper":[48],"purely":[49],"focuses":[50],"on":[51,156,221],"parametric":[53],"study":[54],"quantify":[56],"(related":[59],"roughness)":[64],"induced":[65],"by":[66,124,138],"ultrasound":[69],"it":[71,169],"shows":[72],"these":[74],"effects":[75],"are":[76],"large":[77],"even":[78],"without":[79],"taking":[80],"into":[81],"account":[82],"associated":[84],"disturbances.":[86],"The":[87,116,135],"flowmeter":[88,94],"signals":[89],"for":[90],"a":[91,180,211],"reference":[92],"clamp-on":[93],"setup":[95],"were":[96,113,146],"simulated":[97],"using":[98],"2-D":[99],"finite":[100],"element":[101],"analysis":[102],"including":[103],"simplifying":[104],"assumptions":[105],"(to":[106],"simulate":[107],"effect":[109],"flow)":[111],"deemed":[114],"appropriate.":[115],"validity":[117],"simulations":[120,140],"was":[121,154,170],"indirectly":[122],"verified":[123],"carrying":[125],"out":[126],"experiments":[127],"different":[129],"separation":[130],"distances":[131],"between":[132],"probes.":[134],"error":[136],"predicted":[137],"experimentally":[143],"observed":[144],"errors":[145,195],"in":[147,198],"good":[148],"agreement.":[149],"Then,":[150],"this":[151],"simulation":[152],"method":[153],"applied":[155],"walls":[158],"rough":[160,182],"surfaces.":[162],"For":[163],"waves":[165],"at":[166],"1":[167],"MHz,":[168],"found":[171],"smooth":[175],"pipes,":[176],"pipes":[177],"only":[179],"moderately":[181],"surface":[184,208],"(with":[185],"0.2-mm":[186],"rms":[187],"5-mm":[189],"correlation":[190],"length)":[191],"can":[192],"exhibit":[193],"systematic":[194],"2%":[197],"velocity":[201],"measurement.":[202],"demonstrates":[204],"very":[212],"factor":[214],"limits":[216],"clamp":[220],"UFMs.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
