{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2806457631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2834080","title":"Improved Blind Timing Skew Estimation Based on Spectrum Sparsity and ApFFT in Time-Interleaved ADCs","display_name":"Improved Blind Timing Skew Estimation Based on Spectrum Sparsity and ApFFT in Time-Interleaved ADCs","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2806457631","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2834080","mag":"2806457631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2834080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2834080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069649023","display_name":"Sujuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8904-1305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8904-1305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102953733","display_name":"Ning Lyu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9234-2985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043031405","display_name":"Jiashuai Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiashuai Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Microelectronics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002795838","display_name":"Yuexian Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-6140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuexian Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-6140","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79935022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"1","first_page":"73","last_page":"86"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.80678391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.6473126411437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6408968567848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.5723171234130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5570995211601257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5510823130607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5403668284416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtex","display_name":"Virtex","score":0.4953557252883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.41484931111335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3853401243686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37877365946769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1553308069705963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10758891701698303}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.80678391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.6473126411437988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6408968567848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.5723171234130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5570995211601257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5510823130607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5403668284416199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777674469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20741011","display_name":"Virtex","level":3,"score":0.4953557252883911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.41484931111335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3853401243686676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37877365946769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1553308069705963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10758891701698303}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2834080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2834080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6844001790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4162014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W210359992","https://openalex.org/W1506809288","https://openalex.org/W1575726630","https://openalex.org/W1970559542","https://openalex.org/W2023044422","https://openalex.org/W2036305206","https://openalex.org/W2036945392","https://openalex.org/W2095564918","https://openalex.org/W2100685096","https://openalex.org/W2104040946","https://openalex.org/W2109995768","https://openalex.org/W2118246755","https://openalex.org/W2119119508","https://openalex.org/W2124391308","https://openalex.org/W2124861257","https://openalex.org/W2135935841","https://openalex.org/W2139459389","https://openalex.org/W2142874502","https://openalex.org/W2143326453","https://openalex.org/W2143861217","https://openalex.org/W2149616463","https://openalex.org/W2154427018","https://openalex.org/W2155794702","https://openalex.org/W2157679088","https://openalex.org/W2161512530","https://openalex.org/W2171673579","https://openalex.org/W2478884216","https://openalex.org/W6681385222"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290802965","https://openalex.org/W97789383","https://openalex.org/W2727156679","https://openalex.org/W3087516072","https://openalex.org/W4289406402","https://openalex.org/W2017144313","https://openalex.org/W2130776882","https://openalex.org/W2105219044","https://openalex.org/W2760662689","https://openalex.org/W4313260457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Timing":[0],"skews":[1],"among":[2],"channels":[3],"degrade":[4],"seriously":[5],"the":[6,17,29,54,58,64,71,82,87,97,123,137,141,151,155,167,176,180,184],"time-interleaved":[7],"analog-to-digital":[8],"converter":[9],"(TIADC)":[10],"performance,":[11],"which":[12,101],"can":[13],"be":[14],"improved":[15],"by":[16],"blind":[18,42,75,119,152],"timing":[19],"skew":[20],"estimation":[21],"(TSE)":[22],"technique.":[23],"In":[24,127],"this":[25,129],"paper,":[26],"we":[27],"proposed":[28,98,168],"all-phase":[30],"fast":[31,107],"Fourier":[32,108],"transform":[33],"(ApFFT)":[34],"based":[35,52],"on":[36,53,140],"spectrum":[37,73],"sparsity":[38,74],"signal":[39],"phase":[40,55,90],"relationship":[41,56],"TSE":[43,76,120,153],"(ApFFT-SSPR-BLTSE)":[44],"algorithm.":[45,78,126],"The":[46,162],"ApFFT-SSPR-BLTSE":[47,99,138],"algorithm":[48,139,169],"reduces":[49],"computational":[50],"complexity":[51],"of":[57,89,106,136,154,175,179],"total":[59],"output":[60,68],"from":[61],"TIADC":[62,159],"and":[63,111,183],"corresponding":[65],"reference":[66],"channel":[67],"compared":[69,121],"with":[70],"existing":[72,124],"(SS-BLTSE)":[77],"We":[79],"also":[80],"utilized":[81],"ApFFT":[83],"technique":[84],"to":[85,122,189],"increase":[86],"accuracy":[88,117],"spectral":[91],"estimation.":[92],"Simulation":[93],"results":[94,164],"show":[95,165],"that":[96,166],"algorithm,":[100],"as":[102],"a":[103,172],"reduced":[104],"number":[105],"transforms":[109],"(FFTs)":[110],"low":[112],"hardware":[113,134,177],"complexity,":[114],"has":[115],"higher":[116],"for":[118,150],"SS-BLTSE":[125],"addition,":[128],"paper":[130],"presents":[131],"an":[132],"efficient":[133],"architecture":[135],"Xilinx":[142],"Virtex-6":[143],"vlx550tff1759":[144],"field-programmable":[145],"gate":[146],"array":[147],"(FPGA)":[148],"chip":[149],"four-channel":[156],"400-MHz":[157],"14-bit":[158],"real":[160],"system.":[161],"validation":[163],"uses":[170],"only":[171],"few":[173],"percent":[174],"resources":[178],"FPGA":[181],"chip,":[182],"mismatch":[185],"spurs":[186],"were":[187],"suppressed":[188],"better":[190],"than":[191],"-81.54":[192],"dB.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
