{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2790460488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2803998","title":"Fusion of OBD and GNSS Measurements of Speed","display_name":"Fusion of OBD and GNSS Measurements of Speed","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2790460488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2803998","mag":"2790460488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2803998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2803998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048646105","display_name":"Johan Wahlstr\u00f6m","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-0834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Wahlstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-0834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057769293","display_name":"Isaac Skog","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3054-6413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Skog","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3054-6413","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006426043","display_name":"Robin Larsson Nordstr\u00f6m","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robin Larsson Nordstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS Linnaeus Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS Linnaeus Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024989358","display_name":"Peter H\u00e4ndel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2718-0262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Handel","raw_affiliation_strings":["ACCESS Linnaeus Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ACCESS Linnaeus Center, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":218,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":235},"fwci":0.7507,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74297189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"7","first_page":"1659","last_page":"1667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12406","display_name":"IoT and GPS-based Vehicle Safety Systems","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.794639527797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telematics","display_name":"Telematics","score":0.7699987888336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.7092490792274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.6144297122955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6057457327842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.5611927509307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5584349036216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5029568076133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.4886968433856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.35570192337036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16350021958351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12317460775375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10659441351890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10473474860191345}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.794639527797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89074322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485669","display_name":"Telematics","level":2,"score":0.7699987888336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.7092490792274475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.6144297122955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6057457327842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.5611927509307861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5584349036216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5029568076133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.4886968433856964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.35570192337036133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16350021958351135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12317460775375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10659441351890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10473474860191345}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2018.2803998","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2803998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ore.exeter.ac.uk:10871/122076","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10871/122076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401998","display_name":"Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","host_organization_name":"University of Exeter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29771894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29771894","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W342909571","https://openalex.org/W944070795","https://openalex.org/W1506720962","https://openalex.org/W1530178349","https://openalex.org/W1579438189","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1980472540","https://openalex.org/W1984829579","https://openalex.org/W2021353119","https://openalex.org/W2035082214","https://openalex.org/W2042294266","https://openalex.org/W2063254009","https://openalex.org/W2069671092","https://openalex.org/W2072634211","https://openalex.org/W2082731963","https://openalex.org/W2090826602","https://openalex.org/W2100344292","https://openalex.org/W2137704907","https://openalex.org/W2141082857","https://openalex.org/W2146960482","https://openalex.org/W2153282120","https://openalex.org/W2154043763","https://openalex.org/W2172717914","https://openalex.org/W2577692329","https://openalex.org/W2611142126","https://openalex.org/W4245883374","https://openalex.org/W6682864172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2606296569","https://openalex.org/W2375040471","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2916802843","https://openalex.org/W1503532423","https://openalex.org/W2064660797","https://openalex.org/W4387714868","https://openalex.org/W20579766","https://openalex.org/W2601478304","https://openalex.org/W2071552392"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"are":[1,43,122],"two":[2,72,143],"primary":[3],"sources":[4,73],"of":[5,66,84,95,100,108,141],"sensor":[6],"measurements":[7,69],"for":[8,63],"driver":[9],"behavior":[10],"profiling":[11],"within":[12,27],"insurance":[13],"telematics":[14,49],"and":[15,58,80,104,114,119],"fleet":[16],"management.":[17],"The":[18,31],"first":[19],"is":[20,33],"the":[21,34,64,81,85,93,96,101,106,127,142],"on-board":[22],"diagnostics":[23],"system,":[24,38],"typically":[25],"found":[26],"most":[28],"modern":[29],"cars.":[30],"second":[32],"global":[35],"navigation":[36],"satellite":[37],"whose":[39],"associated":[40],"receivers":[41],"commonly":[42],"embedded":[44],"into":[45],"smartphones":[46],"or":[47],"off-the-shelf":[48],"devices.":[50],"In":[51,89],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,91],"present":[55],"maximum":[56,59],"likelihood":[57],"a":[60,77,131],"posteriori":[61],"estimators":[62,97,129],"problem":[65],"fusing":[67],"speed":[68,79,87],"from":[70],"these":[71],"to":[74,124,136],"jointly":[75],"estimate":[76],"vehicle's":[78],"scale":[82],"factor":[83],"wheel":[86],"sensors.":[88],"addition,":[90],"analyze":[92],"performance":[94,133],"by":[98],"use":[99],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[102],"bound,":[103],"discuss":[105],"estimation":[107],"model":[109],"parameters":[110],"describing":[111],"measurement":[112,144],"errors":[113],"vehicle":[115],"dynamics.":[116],"Last,":[117],"simulations":[118],"real-world":[120],"data":[121],"used":[123],"show":[125],"that":[126],"proposed":[128],"yield":[130],"substantial":[132],"gain":[134],"compared":[135],"when":[137],"employing":[138],"only":[139],"one":[140],"sources.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}