{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2778222790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2017.2779329","title":"Wearable Device-Based System to Monitor a Driver\u2019s Stress, Fatigue, and Drowsiness","display_name":"Wearable Device-Based System to Monitor a Driver\u2019s Stress, Fatigue, and Drowsiness","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2778222790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2017.2779329","mag":"2778222790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2017.2779329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2017.2779329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008904108","display_name":"Minho Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9162-9319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minho Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Future IT Innovation Laboratory, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071266491","display_name":"Gyogwon Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9385-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyogwon Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102025103","display_name":"Minseok Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-8428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minseok Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452155","display_name":"Sang Woo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-1837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Woo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008904108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0137,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":171,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98467457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"3","first_page":"634","last_page":"645"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7409384250640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5837306380271912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5810960531234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5142678618431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4835357666015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4821562170982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4381016790866852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.4330252408981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4327372610569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.43077442049980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.42793571949005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4210668206214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41275161504745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.340901643037796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.18576005101203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08369344472885132}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7409384250640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5837306380271912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5810960531234741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5142678618431091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4835357666015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4821562170982361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4381016790866852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.4330252408981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4327372610569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.43077442049980164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.42793571949005127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4210668206214905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41275161504745483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.340901643037796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.18576005101203918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08369344472885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2017.2779329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2017.2779329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/94997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/94997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147739808","https://openalex.org/W1968792772","https://openalex.org/W1991919071","https://openalex.org/W1994699741","https://openalex.org/W2000503364","https://openalex.org/W2002793300","https://openalex.org/W2010250147","https://openalex.org/W2011714246","https://openalex.org/W2014915963","https://openalex.org/W2025623975","https://openalex.org/W2029334490","https://openalex.org/W2042439767","https://openalex.org/W2043112269","https://openalex.org/W2046002943","https://openalex.org/W2054866485","https://openalex.org/W2071878275","https://openalex.org/W2073738449","https://openalex.org/W2079922506","https://openalex.org/W2093448167","https://openalex.org/W2094254709","https://openalex.org/W2098143591","https://openalex.org/W2098368939","https://openalex.org/W2109178308","https://openalex.org/W2114030649","https://openalex.org/W2116646930","https://openalex.org/W2119387367","https://openalex.org/W2129440600","https://openalex.org/W2131338924","https://openalex.org/W2152983775","https://openalex.org/W2156075695","https://openalex.org/W2169105664","https://openalex.org/W2171801645","https://openalex.org/W2215053149","https://openalex.org/W2272340902","https://openalex.org/W2327954005","https://openalex.org/W2505619618","https://openalex.org/W2528751697","https://openalex.org/W2548996103","https://openalex.org/W2582781338","https://openalex.org/W2751060233","https://openalex.org/W3145506661","https://openalex.org/W4300562611","https://openalex.org/W6605981695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013515612","https://openalex.org/W2136184105","https://openalex.org/W2187500075","https://openalex.org/W2041399278","https://openalex.org/W2160451891","https://openalex.org/W2336974148","https://openalex.org/W2374776489","https://openalex.org/W2056016498","https://openalex.org/W2389470892","https://openalex.org/W2345184372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,178],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,13,80,91,137],"wearable":[4,34,58,192],"device-based":[5],"system":[6,21,196],"to":[7,42,99,118,181,198],"monitor":[8],"the":[9,23,29,32,37,44,49,64,88,134,140,145,151,164,167,171,188,191,195],"abnormal":[10,168],"conditions":[11,169],"of":[12,28,48,77,155,170,190],"driver,":[14],"including":[15],"stress,":[16],"fatigue,":[17],"and":[18,25,67,79,148,158,176,183],"drowsiness.":[19],"The":[20,124],"measures":[22],"motional":[24],"physiological":[26],"information":[27],"driver":[30,172],"using":[31],"developed":[33],"device":[35,193],"on":[36,110,133],"wrist.":[38],"Preprocessing":[39],"is":[40,72,97],"used":[41,98],"distinguish":[43],"valid":[45],"signal":[46,65],"parts":[47],"measured":[50],"signals,":[51],"because":[52],"various":[53],"noises":[54],"can":[55,173],"occur":[56],"in":[57],"sensors.":[59],"Features":[60],"are":[61],"extracted":[62],"from":[63],"parts,":[66],"an":[68,75,111],"optimal":[69],"feature":[70],"set":[71],"determined":[73],"by":[74],"analysis":[76],"variance":[78],"sequential":[81],"floating":[82],"forward":[83],"selection":[84],"algorithm.":[85],"To":[86],"classify":[87],"driver's":[89],"state,":[90],"support":[92],"vector":[93],"machine-based":[94],"classification":[95,125],"method":[96],"obtain":[100],"high":[101],"generalization":[102],"performance":[103],"considering":[104],"interdriver":[105],"variance.":[106],"Experiments":[107],"were":[108],"conducted":[109],"indoor":[112],"driving":[113],"simulator,":[114],"with":[115],"28":[116],"subjects,":[117],"gather":[119],"data":[120],"for":[121,129,144,150],"each":[122],"state.":[123],"accuracy":[126,141],"was":[127,142],"98.43%":[128],"fivefold":[130],"cross":[131],"validation":[132],"data.":[135],"In":[136],"subject-independent":[138],"test,":[139],"68.31%":[143],"four":[146],"states":[147,153],"84.46%":[149],"three":[152],"consisting":[154],"normal,":[156],"stressed,":[157],"fatigued":[159],"or":[160],"drowsy":[161],"states.":[162],"Using":[163],"proposed":[165],"system,":[166],"be":[174],"detected":[175],"distinguished.":[177],"advantage":[179],"contributes":[180],"safer":[182],"more":[184],"comfortable":[185],"driving.":[186],"Furthermore,":[187],"utilization":[189],"makes":[194],"easy":[197],"use.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T14:56:36.534964","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}