{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2565211411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2637559","title":"Operating Atomic Fountain Clock Using Robust DBR Laser: Short-Term Stability Analysis","display_name":"Operating Atomic Fountain Clock Using Robust DBR Laser: Short-Term Stability Analysis","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-01-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2565211411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2637559","mag":"2565211411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2016.2637559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2637559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319588","display_name":"Sangmin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-0820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangmin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea","Science of Measurements, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science of Measurements, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040826376","display_name":"Myoung-Sun Heo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-3789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myoung-Sun Heo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069546443","display_name":"Taeg Yong Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2598-4937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taeg Yong Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006375991","display_name":"Hyun-Gue Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-0319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun-Gue Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015294227","display_name":"Sang-Bum Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4012-1539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Bum Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea","Science of Measurements, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science of Measurements, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021389686","display_name":"Ashby P. Hilton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0554-6999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashby Paul Hilton","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Sciences and the Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Sciences and the Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038619093","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 N. Luiten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5284-7244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre Nicholas Luiten","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Sciences and the Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Sciences and the Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004046985","display_name":"John G. Hartnett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0718-1727"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Gideon Hartnett","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Sciences and the Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Sciences and the Institute of Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101463611","display_name":"Sang Eon Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0812-0643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799611809","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang Eon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea","Science of Measurements, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Time and frequency, Division of Physical Metrology, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799611809"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science of Measurements, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5491,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66679529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"6","first_page":"1349","last_page":"1354"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10425","display_name":"Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.7474044561386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fountain","display_name":"Fountain","score":0.7018639445304871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-clock","display_name":"Atomic clock","score":0.42565372586250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-laser-theory","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","score":0.42222797870635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4042770564556122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3113998770713806}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.7474044561386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778379427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483453","display_name":"Fountain","level":2,"score":0.7018639445304871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196597080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q227467","display_name":"Atomic clock","level":2,"score":0.42565372586250305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.42222797870635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4042770564556122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3113998770713806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2016.2637559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2637559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digital.library.adelaide.edu.au:2440/103764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2440/103764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401835","display_name":"Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","host_organization_name":"The University of Adelaide","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2637559","raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1862414208","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LE130100163","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2895810882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16011007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322103","funder_display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G785290461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LP110200142","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322103","display_name":"Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/01az7b475"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43074203","https://openalex.org/W86742233","https://openalex.org/W137228747","https://openalex.org/W1480563975","https://openalex.org/W1601054112","https://openalex.org/W1991582728","https://openalex.org/W2002365364","https://openalex.org/W2022435915","https://openalex.org/W2057478419","https://openalex.org/W2080724672","https://openalex.org/W2084591380","https://openalex.org/W2092869755","https://openalex.org/W2103037326","https://openalex.org/W2127258802","https://openalex.org/W2132204557","https://openalex.org/W2132639490","https://openalex.org/W2134777788","https://openalex.org/W2141822540","https://openalex.org/W2144507615","https://openalex.org/W2170760391","https://openalex.org/W2513563096","https://openalex.org/W3099395354","https://openalex.org/W3104399233","https://openalex.org/W6605518685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2592138583","https://openalex.org/W2807978385","https://openalex.org/W2588517940","https://openalex.org/W1489618815","https://openalex.org/W2808099739","https://openalex.org/W3214889980","https://openalex.org/W2178439540","https://openalex.org/W2169521446","https://openalex.org/W1969851202","https://openalex.org/W2539253136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"on":[2],"a":[3,21,46,97,175],"robust":[4,172],"distributed":[5],"Bragg":[6],"reflector":[7],"(DBR)":[8],"laser":[9,38,43,48,52,64,93,110],"system":[10],"for":[11],"an":[12,28,40,151],"atomic":[13,29],"fountain":[14,30,51,59,105,146,166],"clock.":[15],"To":[16],"confirm":[17],"the":[18,24,50,58,63,88,91,104,108,128,133,156],"performance":[19,147],"of":[20,27,57,103,123],"DBR":[22,37,92,109,157,176],"laser,":[23,177],"short-term":[25,55],"stability":[26,56,102],"clock,":[31],"KRISS-F1,":[32],"is":[33,66,94,111,136,148,153,168,179],"measured":[34],"with":[35,107],"both":[36],"and":[39,126,183],"extended-cavity":[41],"diode":[42],"(ECDL)":[44],"as":[45,96,186,188],"master":[47,98],"in":[49,132,145],"system.":[53],"The":[54,100],"clock":[60,106,167],"due":[61],"to":[62,68,113,181],"noise":[65],"determined":[67],"be":[69],"\u03c3":[70],"<sub":[71,77],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[72,78,84,118],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">y</sub>":[73],"(\u03c4":[74],"=":[75,81],"T":[76],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">c</sub>":[79],")":[80],"1.4\u00d710":[82],"<sup":[83,117],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-14</sup>":[85,119],"when":[86,150],"either":[87],"ECDL":[89,152],"or":[90],"used":[95],"laser.":[99,158],"total":[101],"limited":[112,137],"3.5":[114],"\u00d7":[115],"10":[116],"at":[120,127],"1":[121],"s":[122],"averaging":[124],"time":[125],"highest":[129],"atom":[130],"number":[131],"experiment,":[134],"which":[135,178],"by":[138,155,173],"quantum":[139],"projection":[140],"noise.":[141],"No":[142],"additional":[143],"degradation":[144],"observed":[149],"replaced":[154],"From":[159],"these":[160],"results,":[161],"we":[162],"conclude":[163],"that":[164],"our":[165],"made":[169],"much":[170],"more":[171],"adopting":[174],"immune":[180],"acoustic":[182],"vibrational":[184],"shocks":[185],"well":[187],"environmental":[189],"temperature":[190],"variations.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}