{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088701627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2624878","title":"Realization of the Kilogram Based on the Planck Constant at NMIJ","display_name":"Realization of the Kilogram Based on the Planck Constant at NMIJ","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088701627","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2624878","mag":"3088701627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2016.2624878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2624878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007242339","display_name":"Naoki Kuramoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4375-5214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Naoki Kuramoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100431557","display_name":"Lulu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7753-7426"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011590604","display_name":"Shigeki Mizushima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1276-1328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shigeki Mizushima","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101620752","display_name":"Kazuaki Fujita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-3111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuaki Fujita","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001533148","display_name":"Yasushi Azuma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-7063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasushi Azuma","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050368012","display_name":"Akira Kurokawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2953-0593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akira Kurokawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954354","display_name":"Kenichi Fujii","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5578-0038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenichi Fujii","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Metrology Institute of Japan/National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007242339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87736936,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"6","first_page":"1267","last_page":"1274"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13414","display_name":"Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12019","display_name":"Calibration and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kilogram","display_name":"Kilogram","score":0.9081753492355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avogadro-constant","display_name":"Avogadro constant","score":0.7831335067749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metrology","display_name":"Metrology","score":0.6087417006492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planck-constant","display_name":"Planck constant","score":0.5619699358940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-uncertainty","display_name":"Standard uncertainty","score":0.47278404235839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.4572763442993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.4534485638141632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.4448433816432953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","score":0.43813878297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.43379804491996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrating-sphere","display_name":"Integrating sphere","score":0.4202851951122284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3841923475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.26341894268989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25289905071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.2409006655216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1964876651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16669830679893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-chemistry","display_name":"Organic chemistry","score":0.09034973382949829}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207892153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11570","display_name":"Kilogram","level":3,"score":0.9081753492355347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140848746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6203","display_name":"Avogadro constant","level":2,"score":0.7831335067749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195766429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394","display_name":"Metrology","level":2,"score":0.6087417006492615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197111296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122894","display_name":"Planck constant","level":3,"score":0.5619699358940125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994224358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13649246","display_name":"Standard uncertainty","level":3,"score":0.47278404235839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4572763442993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.4534485638141632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.4448433816432953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.43813878297805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.43379804491996765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767471","display_name":"Integrating sphere","level":2,"score":0.4202851951122284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3841923475265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.26341894268989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25289905071258545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2409006655216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1964876651763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16669830679893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.09034973382949829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2016.2624878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2624878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7990237807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KAKENHI 16H03901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970347071","https://openalex.org/W1972177710","https://openalex.org/W1986335080","https://openalex.org/W2044138521","https://openalex.org/W2051202697","https://openalex.org/W2052461464","https://openalex.org/W2066251043","https://openalex.org/W2075238370","https://openalex.org/W2075450889","https://openalex.org/W2081941156","https://openalex.org/W2123037222","https://openalex.org/W2154819649","https://openalex.org/W2176325089","https://openalex.org/W2513925079","https://openalex.org/W2514429048","https://openalex.org/W2566161914","https://openalex.org/W2587334962","https://openalex.org/W3105698769","https://openalex.org/W4211153246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386092788","https://openalex.org/W4312951372","https://openalex.org/W3089201184","https://openalex.org/W3086961862","https://openalex.org/W2514429048","https://openalex.org/W3132360139","https://openalex.org/W2189507821","https://openalex.org/W4376607824","https://openalex.org/W3098578053","https://openalex.org/W3085714449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,48],"change":[1],"in":[2],"the":[3,6,18,22,24,33,36,53,57,61,64,70,84,97,107,125,133,135,139],"definition":[4,13,66],"of":[5,28,56,73,106,116,132],"kilogram":[7,34,62],"has":[8],"been":[9],"proposed.":[10],"The":[11,104],"new":[12,65,126],"will":[14,31],"be":[15],"based":[16,123],"on":[17,124],"Planck":[19],"constant.":[20],"After":[21],"change,":[23],"National":[25],"Metrology":[26],"Institute":[27],"Japan":[29],"(NMIJ)":[30],"realize":[32,60],"using":[35],"X-ray":[37,92],"crystal":[38],"density":[39],"method":[40],"with":[41,111],"a":[42,74,112],"<sup":[43,75,120],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[44,76,121],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">28</sup>":[45,77],"Si-enriched":[46,78],"sphere.":[47],"pilot":[49],"study":[50],"to":[51,59],"confirm":[52],"international":[54],"equivalence":[55],"ability":[58],"from":[63],"is":[67],"ongoing,":[68],"where":[69],"volume":[71],"measurement":[72],"sphere":[79,85,108],"by":[80,88,101],"optical":[81],"interferometry":[82],"and":[83,91,138],"surface":[86],"characterization":[87],"spectroscopic":[89],"ellipsometry":[90],"photoelectron":[93],"spectroscopy":[94],"required":[95],"for":[96],"realization":[98],"were":[99],"performed":[100],"NMIJ":[102],"independently.":[103],"mass":[105],"was":[109],"determined":[110],"relative":[113],"standard":[114],"uncertainty":[115,140],"2.4":[117],"\u00d7":[118],"10":[119],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-8</sup>":[122],"definition.":[127],"This":[128],"paper":[129],"provides":[130],"details":[131],"measurements,":[134],"data":[136],"analysis,":[137],"evaluation.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
