{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2514314783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2599458","title":"An In Situ Measurement System for Characterizing Orbital Debris","display_name":"An In Situ Measurement System for Characterizing Orbital Debris","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-08-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2514314783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2599458","mag":"2514314783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2016.2599458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2599458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.03971","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael A. Tsao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2948394018","display_name":"Northrop Grumman (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05kewds18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Tsao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northrop Grumman, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northrop Grumman, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hau T. Ngo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158971","display_name":"United States Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/00znex860","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I189158971","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hau T. Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Measurements Group, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Measurements Group, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158971"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Robert D. Corsaro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Corsaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Christopher R. Anderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9010-2630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158971","display_name":"United States Naval Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/00znex860","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I189158971","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher R. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Measurements Group, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Measurements Group, United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158971"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2948394018"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4024,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97181214,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"12","first_page":"2758","last_page":"2772"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.7210999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.7210999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.05209999904036522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.026799999177455902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kapton","display_name":"Kapton","score":0.8241000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geostationary-orbit","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","score":0.6625999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.6578999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-measurement","display_name":"System of measurement","score":0.6261000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-debris","display_name":"Space debris","score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/micrometeoroid","display_name":"Micrometeoroid","score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypervelocity","display_name":"Hypervelocity","score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debris","display_name":"Debris","score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-resistance","display_name":"Impact resistance","score":0.3508000075817108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45889518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3192874","display_name":"Kapton","level":4,"score":0.8241000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16405173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192316","display_name":"Geostationary orbit","level":3,"score":0.6625999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.6578999757766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.6261000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18949120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275450","display_name":"Space debris","level":3,"score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191432529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q589534","display_name":"Micrometeoroid","level":4,"score":0.5626000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4487999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117740565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3144223","display_name":"Hypervelocity","level":2,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.41019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.40610000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776023875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637703","display_name":"Debris","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993439479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486802","display_name":"Impact resistance","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48806519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126161","display_name":"Goniometer","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778925768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454718","display_name":"Reflectometry","level":3,"score":0.2985999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19619285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Observational error","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49304495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49393","display_name":"Projectile","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112040339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658123","display_name":"Light-gas gun","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196644772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3884964","display_name":"Orbit (dynamics)","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777822432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216681","display_name":"In situ","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776871301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691823","display_name":"Shutter","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2016.2599458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2599458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1612.03971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.03971","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.03971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1612.03971","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1612.03971","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1612.03971","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1546313989","https://openalex.org/W1554675584","https://openalex.org/W1574948540","https://openalex.org/W1599566424","https://openalex.org/W1954754099","https://openalex.org/W1968273566","https://openalex.org/W1984090859","https://openalex.org/W1987456436","https://openalex.org/W2008489425","https://openalex.org/W2025184858","https://openalex.org/W2035832092","https://openalex.org/W2049041102","https://openalex.org/W2049775163","https://openalex.org/W2085661946","https://openalex.org/W2088201877","https://openalex.org/W2091228350","https://openalex.org/W2111291846","https://openalex.org/W2113398612","https://openalex.org/W2114049458","https://openalex.org/W2115867061","https://openalex.org/W2127919704","https://openalex.org/W2134424739","https://openalex.org/W2140616916","https://openalex.org/W2159354027","https://openalex.org/W2164278089","https://openalex.org/W2329053551","https://openalex.org/W4238467532","https://openalex.org/W4238759827","https://openalex.org/W4240250927","https://openalex.org/W4246069667","https://openalex.org/W6603300139","https://openalex.org/W6607875470","https://openalex.org/W6622541491","https://openalex.org/W6622941607","https://openalex.org/W6636370963","https://openalex.org/W6719324600","https://openalex.org/W6774363385"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,13,61,86,95,100,110,161,168,211],"development":[4],"of":[5,50,60,66,76,112,178,184,201,210,213],"an":[6,122,165,198],"in":[7,88,109,157],"situ":[8],"measurement":[9],"system":[10,24,170,193],"known":[11],"as":[12,145,197],"Debris":[14],"Resistive":[15],"Acoustic":[16],"Grid":[17],"Orbital":[18],"Navy/NASA":[19],"Sensor":[20],"(DRAGONS).":[21],"The":[22,124,191],"DRAGONS":[23,46,169,192],"is":[25],"designed":[26],"to":[27,37,54,84,94,116,142,159,163,204],"detect":[28,85,164],"impacts":[29],"caused":[30,98,120],"by":[31,99,121],"particles":[32],"ranging":[33],"from":[34],"50":[35],"\u03bcm":[36],"1":[38],"mm":[39],"at":[40],"both":[41],"low-earth":[42],"and":[43,58,64,69,136,176,189],"geostationary":[44],"orbits.":[45],"utilizes":[47],"a":[48,133,146,150,181,202,206],"combination":[49],"low-cost":[51],"sensor":[52],"technologies":[53],"facilitate":[55],"accurate":[56],"measurements":[57],"approximations":[59],"size,":[62],"velocity,":[63],"angle":[65,177],"impacting":[67,96],"micrometeoroids":[68],"orbital":[70],"debris":[71],"(MMOD).":[72],"Two":[73],"thin":[74],"layers":[75],"kapton":[77,114],"sheets":[78],"with":[79,180],"resistive":[80],"traces":[81],"are":[82,91,107],"used":[83],"changes":[87],"resistance":[89],"that":[90,128,139,156],"directly":[92],"proportional":[93],"force":[97],"fast-traveling":[101],"particles.":[102],"Four":[103],"polyvinylidene":[104],"fluoride-based":[105],"sensors":[106],"positioned":[108],"back":[111],"each":[113],"sheet":[115],"measure":[117],"acoustic":[118],"strain":[119],"impact.":[123],"electronic":[125],"hardware":[126],"module":[127],"controls":[129],"all":[130],"operations":[131],"employs":[132],"low-power,":[134],"modular,":[135],"compact":[137],"design":[138],"enables":[140],"it":[141],"be":[143,195],"installed":[144],"low-resource":[147],"load":[148],"on":[149],"host":[151],"satellite.":[152],"Laboratory":[153],"results":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"addition":[158],"having":[160],"ability":[162],"impact":[166,173,179],"event,":[167],"can":[171],"determine":[172],"location,":[174],"speed,":[175],"mean":[182],"error":[183],"1.4":[185],"cm,":[186],"0.2":[187],"km/s,":[188],"5\u00b0.":[190],"could":[194],"deployed":[196],"add-on":[199],"subsystem":[200],"payload":[203],"enable":[205],"real-time,":[207],"in-depth":[208],"study":[209],"properties":[212],"MMOD.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2016-09-16T00:00:00"}
