{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2472910013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2581519","title":"An Oscillator-Based Active Bridge Circuit for Interfacing Capacitive Sensors With Microcontroller Compatibility","display_name":"An Oscillator-Based Active Bridge Circuit for Interfacing Capacitive Sensors With Microcontroller Compatibility","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2472910013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2581519","mag":"2472910013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2016.2581519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2581519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013554064","display_name":"Anwar Ulla Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-9296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59475050","display_name":"Jamia Millia Islamia","ror":"https://ror.org/00pnhhv55","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59475050"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anwar Ulla Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59475050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067278813","display_name":"Tarikul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1901-239X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59475050","display_name":"Jamia Millia Islamia","ror":"https://ror.org/00pnhhv55","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59475050"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarikul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59475050"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103449741","display_name":"Jamil Akhtar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41763900","display_name":"Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01hh45364","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I41763900","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66760702","display_name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/021wm7p51","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamil Akhtar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sensors and Nano-Technology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2013Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sensors and Nano-Technology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research\u2013Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI), Pilani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41763900","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013554064"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59475050"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.343,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94688051,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"11","first_page":"2560","last_page":"2568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.8193150758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge-circuit","display_name":"Bridge circuit","score":0.5879703760147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lcr-meter","display_name":"LCR meter","score":0.5701113939285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5440177321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"Microcontroller","score":0.5411741733551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.5084930658340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4732288122177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interfacing","display_name":"Interfacing","score":0.4521005153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-conditioning","display_name":"Signal conditioning","score":0.44005775451660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheatstone-bridge","display_name":"Wheatstone bridge","score":0.42266613245010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.4213702082633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.37752678990364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductance","display_name":"Inductance","score":0.3308880925178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32927125692367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2653043866157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.2424742579460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.23724648356437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09110283851623535}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.8193150758743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775982562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q996520","display_name":"Bridge circuit","level":3,"score":0.5879703760147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55592779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4198687","display_name":"LCR meter","level":4,"score":0.5701113939285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5440177321434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.5411741733551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.5084930658340454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4732288122177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776303644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020499","display_name":"Interfacing","level":2,"score":0.4521005153656006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780412824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3686420","display_name":"Signal conditioning","level":3,"score":0.44005775451660156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104713690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245133","display_name":"Wheatstone bridge","level":4,"score":0.42266613245010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.4213702082633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.37752678990364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.3308880925178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32927125692367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2653043866157532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.2424742579460144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23724648356437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09110283851623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2016.2581519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2016.2581519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W184487999","https://openalex.org/W571512533","https://openalex.org/W1591300912","https://openalex.org/W1943698709","https://openalex.org/W2005825772","https://openalex.org/W2006946154","https://openalex.org/W2010697713","https://openalex.org/W2033890151","https://openalex.org/W2046840021","https://openalex.org/W2057800879","https://openalex.org/W2062806923","https://openalex.org/W2083987370","https://openalex.org/W2097644165","https://openalex.org/W2104827668","https://openalex.org/W2119499934","https://openalex.org/W2125921356","https://openalex.org/W2129884123","https://openalex.org/W2134706318","https://openalex.org/W2136398171","https://openalex.org/W2142584798","https://openalex.org/W2150753711","https://openalex.org/W2151180315","https://openalex.org/W2156133356","https://openalex.org/W2284576370","https://openalex.org/W2285663804","https://openalex.org/W2546585427","https://openalex.org/W2984324674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992075385","https://openalex.org/W2499406489","https://openalex.org/W2311898176","https://openalex.org/W2069718981","https://openalex.org/W2942230276","https://openalex.org/W2409175622","https://openalex.org/W1672086945","https://openalex.org/W3172864888","https://openalex.org/W50992090","https://openalex.org/W2072894211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"deals":[2],"with":[3,11,34,156,195,204],"the":[4,52,69,81,89,96,100,105,109,113,122,148,157,170,205],"development":[5],"of":[6,23,28,51,68,72,88,99,108,121,139,152,216],"a":[7,20,29,35,58,63,191],"signal":[8],"conditioning":[9],"circuit,":[10],"microcontroller":[12],"compatibility,":[13],"for":[14,19,38,66,147],"interfacing":[15],"capacitive":[16,30,64,145],"sensors":[17],"suitable":[18],"wide":[21],"range":[22,151],"applications.":[24],"The":[25,45,77,85,137,176],"circuit":[26,53,90,177],"comprises":[27],"active":[31],"bridge,":[32],"along":[33],"relaxation":[36],"oscillator":[37],"converting":[39],"capacitance":[40],"changes":[41],"into":[42],"frequency":[43,86,115],"directly.":[44],"design,":[46],"analysis,":[47],"and":[48,54,62,104,169,181,219],"experimental":[49,78],"results":[50,79],"its":[55],"application":[56],"to":[57,94,165,184,186],"thin-film-based":[59],"humidity":[60],"sensor":[61,103,146],"transducer":[65],"measurement":[67,141],"dielectric":[70,106],"constant":[71],"edible":[73,110],"oil":[74],"are":[75],"reported.":[76],"confirm":[80],"theoretical":[82],"values":[83],"predicted.":[84],"output":[87,114],"has":[91,116],"been":[92,117],"used":[93],"determine":[95],"response":[97],"characteristics":[98],"trace":[101,123],"moisture":[102,124,140,150],"constants":[107],"oils.":[111],"Finally,":[112],"calibrated":[118],"in":[119,125,190,214],"terms":[120,215],"parts":[126],"per":[127],"million":[128],"(ppm),":[129],"using":[130,142],"commercial":[131],"dew":[132,158],"point":[133,159],"meter":[134,160],"(SHAW,":[135],"U.K.).":[136],"accuracy":[138,218],"custom":[143],"designed":[144],"full-scale":[149],"4-100":[153],"ppm,":[154],"compared":[155],"(accuracy":[161],"\u00b10.1%),":[162],"is":[163,172,178,182],"found":[164],"be":[166,201],"nearly":[167],"\u00b11%":[168],"resolution":[171],"1":[173],"ppm":[174],"moisture.":[175],"less":[179],"complex":[180],"easy":[183],"integrate":[185],"application-specific":[187],"integrated":[188],"circuits":[189],"standard":[192],"CMOS":[193],"technology":[194],"high":[196],"sensitivity":[197],"(selectable).":[198],"It":[199],"can":[200],"easily":[202],"reproduced":[203],"cheapest":[206],"possible":[207],"components,":[208],"while":[209],"achieving":[210],"fairly":[211],"good":[212],"performance":[213],"both":[217],"dynamic":[220],"range.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
