{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2294731987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2494622","title":"Fixed-Pattern Noise Modeling and Removal in Time-of-Flight Sensing","display_name":"Fixed-Pattern Noise Modeling and Removal in Time-of-Flight Sensing","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2294731987","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2494622","mag":"2294731987"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2494622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2494622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046268339","display_name":"Mihail Georgiev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9063-4730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihail Georgiev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048845611","display_name":"Robert Bregovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3878-7588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Bregovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077942509","display_name":"Atanas Gotchev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2320-1000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166825849","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":"https://ror.org/033003e23","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166825849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133110","display_name":"Tampere University","ror":null,"country_code":"FI","type":null,"lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atanas Gotchev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166825849","https://openalex.org/I4210133110"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93057111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"4","first_page":"808","last_page":"820"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9803000092506409,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.601865291595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4827536940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.43378961086273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3939659595489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.27825891971588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26768702268600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17093521356582642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.601865291595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4827536940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.43378961086273193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3939659595489502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.27825891971588135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26768702268600464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17093521356582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2494622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2494622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:trepo.tuni.fi:10024/212839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://trepo.tuni.fi/handle/10024/212839","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055260","display_name":"Trepo - Institutional Repository of Tampere University","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"acceptedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491073809","https://openalex.org/W1542711304","https://openalex.org/W1552141039","https://openalex.org/W1584643859","https://openalex.org/W1699425237","https://openalex.org/W1852582171","https://openalex.org/W1972185094","https://openalex.org/W2007208130","https://openalex.org/W2008254961","https://openalex.org/W2038643807","https://openalex.org/W2046464221","https://openalex.org/W2047613805","https://openalex.org/W2056370875","https://openalex.org/W2057798689","https://openalex.org/W2063668503","https://openalex.org/W2076759003","https://openalex.org/W2077657066","https://openalex.org/W2097073572","https://openalex.org/W2099244020","https://openalex.org/W2102369203","https://openalex.org/W2104636240","https://openalex.org/W2118072362","https://openalex.org/W2127403339","https://openalex.org/W2143626203","https://openalex.org/W2154332337","https://openalex.org/W2186413054","https://openalex.org/W2885742239","https://openalex.org/W4242613073","https://openalex.org/W6629222711","https://openalex.org/W6633292771","https://openalex.org/W6637467975","https://openalex.org/W6661925641","https://openalex.org/W6662462264","https://openalex.org/W6687109816","https://openalex.org/W6813719163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905397989","https://openalex.org/W2976761707","https://openalex.org/W2549879272","https://openalex.org/W2064322484","https://openalex.org/W4210654868","https://openalex.org/W2359316583","https://openalex.org/W3098922451","https://openalex.org/W2334254954","https://openalex.org/W2002617583","https://openalex.org/W257180627"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,63],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,95],"discuss":[4],"the":[5,18,53,59,67,102,123,133,144],"modeling":[6,125],"and":[7,25,55,72,106,119,126,137],"removal":[8,83,111],"of":[9,58,84,104,128],"fixed-pattern":[10],"noise":[11,76,86,98],"(FPN)":[12],"in":[13,88,147],"photonic":[14],"mixture":[15],"devices":[16],"employing":[17],"time-of-flight":[19],"(ToF)":[20],"principle":[21],"for":[22,82,132],"range":[23],"measurements":[24],"scene":[26,46],"depth":[27,140],"estimation.":[28],"We":[29,113],"present":[30],"a":[31,65,97,108],"case":[32],"that":[33,122],"arises":[34],"from":[35],"low-sensing":[36],"(LS)":[37],"conditions":[38],"caused":[39],"by":[40,115],"either":[41],"external":[42],"factors":[43,50],"related":[44,51],"to":[45,52,143],"reflectivity":[47],"or":[48,61],"internal":[49],"power":[54],"operation":[56],"mode":[57],"sensor":[60],"both.":[62],"such":[64],"case,":[66],"FPN":[68,105,110,129],"becomes":[69],"especially":[70],"dominating":[71],"invalidates":[73],"previously":[74],"adopted":[75],"models,":[77],"which":[78],"have":[79],"been":[80],"used":[81],"other":[85],"contaminations":[87],"ToF":[89],"measurements.":[90],"To":[91],"tackle":[92],"LS":[93],"cases,":[94],"propose":[96],"model":[99],"specifically":[100],"addressing":[101],"presence":[103],"develop":[107],"relevant":[109],"procedure.":[112],"demonstrate,":[114],"experiments":[116],"with":[117],"synthetic":[118],"real-world":[120],"data,":[121],"proper":[124],"removing":[127],"is":[130],"substantial":[131],"subsequent":[134],"Gaussian":[135],"denoising":[136],"yields":[138],"accurate":[139],"maps":[141],"comparable":[142],"ones":[145],"obtainable":[146],"normal":[148],"operating":[149],"mode.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}