{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2319793260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2490999","title":"Combining Electrical and Pressure Measurements for Early Flooding Detection in a PEM Fuel Cell","display_name":"Combining Electrical and Pressure Measurements for Early Flooding Detection in a PEM Fuel Cell","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2319793260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2490999","mag":"2319793260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2490999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2490999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/985222","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110302767","display_name":"Giovanni Dotelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-9881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Dotelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K","Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066443434","display_name":"Roberto Ferrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7820-9021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Ferrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K","Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085545319","display_name":"Paola Gallo Stampino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-0195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paola Gallo Stampino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086730444","display_name":"Saverio Latorrata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-553X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saverio Latorrata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K","Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003675815","display_name":"Sergio Toscani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["GB","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Toscani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K","Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GJ, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depart-ment of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politec-nico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6415,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74127201,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"5","first_page":"1007","last_page":"1014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10311","display_name":"Advancements in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anode","display_name":"Anode","score":0.7189693450927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cathodic-protection","display_name":"Cathodic protection","score":0.7015331983566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","score":0.6384175419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-drop","display_name":"Pressure drop","score":0.5668326616287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrolyte","display_name":"Electrolyte","score":0.5538052916526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5112230777740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","score":0.4703308045864105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pressure-measurement","display_name":"Pressure measurement","score":0.4373292326927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petroleum-engineering","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","score":0.4297521114349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-drop","display_name":"Voltage drop","score":0.4275001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.41211211681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"Fuel cells","score":0.39269477128982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38822701573371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26518917083740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.23104071617126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21773764491081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.20130655169487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1726045310497284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-engineering","display_name":"Chemical engineering","score":0.16421926021575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.15520721673965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.13734310865402222}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89395315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181232","display_name":"Anode","level":3,"score":0.7189693450927734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205871581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15152527","display_name":"Cathodic protection","level":4,"score":0.7015331983566284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6384175419807434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114088122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261069","display_name":"Pressure drop","level":2,"score":0.5668326616287231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68801617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162908","display_name":"Electrolyte","level":3,"score":0.5538052916526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5112230777740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.4703308045864105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80264047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7424019","display_name":"Pressure measurement","level":2,"score":0.4373292326927185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.4297521114349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82178898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166839","display_name":"Voltage drop","level":3,"score":0.4275001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.41211211681365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.39269477128982544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38822701573371887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26518917083740234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23104071617126465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21773764491081238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.20130655169487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1726045310497284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16421926021575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.15520721673965454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13734310865402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2490999","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2490999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/985222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/985222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/985222","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/985222","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532238164","https://openalex.org/W1671821215","https://openalex.org/W1968659839","https://openalex.org/W1970582253","https://openalex.org/W1980013400","https://openalex.org/W1980835995","https://openalex.org/W1992274525","https://openalex.org/W2015400414","https://openalex.org/W2016086905","https://openalex.org/W2018335610","https://openalex.org/W2030043358","https://openalex.org/W2033477755","https://openalex.org/W2033495073","https://openalex.org/W2037666808","https://openalex.org/W2042211343","https://openalex.org/W2045901623","https://openalex.org/W2046961458","https://openalex.org/W2048730159","https://openalex.org/W2058198791","https://openalex.org/W2061949263","https://openalex.org/W2070094450","https://openalex.org/W2073166253","https://openalex.org/W2077007454","https://openalex.org/W2092344505","https://openalex.org/W2097634242","https://openalex.org/W2119007261","https://openalex.org/W2123459220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2354624269","https://openalex.org/W4247783710","https://openalex.org/W4206697731","https://openalex.org/W4236807035","https://openalex.org/W4206055529","https://openalex.org/W4240802827","https://openalex.org/W2375099567","https://openalex.org/W2605638336","https://openalex.org/W2365624336","https://openalex.org/W2353746395"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Water":[0],"flooding":[1,40,58,108],"is":[2,22,140],"one":[3],"of":[4,8,55,124,130],"the":[5,35,72,89,102,125,128,131],"main":[6],"causes":[7],"performance":[9],"degradation":[10],"for":[11,39,66,106,137],"polymer":[12],"electrolyte":[13],"membrane":[14],"fuel":[15],"cells":[16],"(FCs),":[17],"and":[18,76],"its":[19,67],"prompt":[20],"detection":[21],"therefore":[23],"important":[24],"to":[25,57,134],"guarantee":[26],"optimal":[27],"FC":[28,90,135],"operation.":[29],"This":[30],"paper":[31],"aims":[32],"at":[33],"comparing":[34],"most":[36,103],"common":[37],"methods":[38,133],"diagnosis,":[41],"which":[42],"are":[43,59,81,101],"based":[44],"on":[45,63,114],"electrical":[46,91],"or":[47],"gas":[48],"pressure":[49,78,99],"measurements.":[50],"Their":[51],"differences":[52,73],"in":[53],"terms":[54],"sensitivity":[56],"investigated,":[60],"primarily":[61],"focusing":[62],"their":[64,86],"suitability":[65],"early":[68,107],"detection.":[69,109],"In":[70],"particular,":[71],"between":[74],"anodic":[75],"cathodic":[77,98],"drop":[79],"measurements":[80,100],"highlighted,":[82],"as":[83,85],"well":[84],"relationship":[87],"with":[88],"output.":[92],"The":[93],"experimental":[94],"results":[95],"show":[96],"that":[97],"convenient":[104],"choice":[105],"Measurements":[110],"have":[111],"been":[112],"performed":[113],"a":[115],"single":[116],"cell,":[117],"since":[118],"it":[119],"allows":[120],"an":[121],"easier":[122],"interpretation":[123],"results,":[126],"although":[127],"applicability":[129],"considered":[132],"stacks":[136],"commercial":[138],"applications":[139],"also":[141],"discussed.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}