{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1657006816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2440555","title":"Comparison of Three Modeling Approaches for a Thermodynamic Cooling System With Time-Varying Delay","display_name":"Comparison of Three Modeling Approaches for a Thermodynamic Cooling System With Time-Varying Delay","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1657006816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2440555","mag":"1657006816"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2440555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2440555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012663495","display_name":"Ai Hui Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-3867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ai Hui Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045872608","display_name":"Chin Leei Cham","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin Leei Cham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia","Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University Cyberjaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102830303","display_name":"K.R. Godfrey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3025-5269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keith R. Godfrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K","School of Engineering , University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering , University of Warwick, Coventry, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7013,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74391876,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"11","first_page":"3116","last_page":"3123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11187","display_name":"Nonlinear Dynamics and Pattern Formation","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11110","display_name":"Stability and Controllability of Differential Equations","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.7282301187515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6248438358306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.5997388362884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","score":0.5276690125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.5174728035926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elmore-delay","display_name":"Elmore delay","score":0.488667756319046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-delay-and-phase-delay","display_name":"Group delay and phase delay","score":0.4668596088886261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43042510747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delay-calculation","display_name":"Delay calculation","score":0.4025815725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.341795951128006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-delay","display_name":"Propagation delay","score":0.32084232568740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.25578728318214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22803109884262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.20217585563659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13878178596496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.134172260761261}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.7282301187515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6248438358306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.5997388362884521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.5276690125465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.5174728035926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84434228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4531332","display_name":"Elmore delay","level":4,"score":0.488667756319046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123792056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"Group delay and phase delay","level":3,"score":0.4668596088886261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43042510747909546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174086752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5253471","display_name":"Delay calculation","level":3,"score":0.4025815725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.341795951128006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.32084232568740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.25578728318214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22803109884262085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.20217585563659668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13878178596496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.134172260761261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2440555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2440555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509147856","https://openalex.org/W1514004860","https://openalex.org/W1951024971","https://openalex.org/W1965587013","https://openalex.org/W1974349551","https://openalex.org/W1988098342","https://openalex.org/W1995569434","https://openalex.org/W1997456140","https://openalex.org/W2016562720","https://openalex.org/W2027207315","https://openalex.org/W2027340291","https://openalex.org/W2039987543","https://openalex.org/W2043815489","https://openalex.org/W2047457697","https://openalex.org/W2049482280","https://openalex.org/W2058816176","https://openalex.org/W2073390429","https://openalex.org/W2085139363","https://openalex.org/W2101760923","https://openalex.org/W2103304361","https://openalex.org/W2114898763","https://openalex.org/W2127228661","https://openalex.org/W2129768834","https://openalex.org/W2133693469","https://openalex.org/W2150453753","https://openalex.org/W2161978773","https://openalex.org/W2333631137","https://openalex.org/W2543977995","https://openalex.org/W4251148112","https://openalex.org/W4252099851","https://openalex.org/W6679735812","https://openalex.org/W6683506830"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114232017","https://openalex.org/W1927636319","https://openalex.org/W2380365775","https://openalex.org/W3015599398","https://openalex.org/W2188730438","https://openalex.org/W2792778858","https://openalex.org/W2134109056","https://openalex.org/W2367816239","https://openalex.org/W3133026170","https://openalex.org/W2087468076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,79],"this":[1,58,99],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,13,18,25,32,41,44,49,85,102,108,117,121,124],"modeling":[4,57],"of":[5,24,87,116,120],"a":[6,76,88,114],"thermodynamic":[7],"cooling":[8],"system":[9,26,125],"is":[10,28,82,96,126],"considered,":[11],"with":[12,17,93],"emphasis":[14],"on":[15],"dealing":[16],"time-varying":[19,50],"delay.":[20,51,78],"A":[21],"detailed":[22],"characterization":[23],"output":[27,104],"performed":[29],"first":[30],"in":[31,43,98,107],"frequency":[33],"domain,":[34],"which":[35,47],"successfully":[36],"yields":[37],"information":[38],"relating":[39],"to":[40,128],"location":[42],"physical":[45],"structure,":[46],"causes":[48],"Three":[52],"approaches":[53],"are":[54],"compared":[55],"for":[56],"delay:":[59],"1)":[60],"using":[61,67,75],"an":[62,68],"adaptive":[63,69],"fractional":[64],"delay;":[65],"2)":[66],"tapped":[70],"delay":[71,122],"line;":[72],"and":[73],"3)":[74],"polynomial":[77],"addition,":[80],"it":[81],"shown":[83],"that":[84],"use":[86],"carefully":[89],"designed":[90],"perturbation":[91],"signal":[92],"harmonic":[94],"suppression":[95],"advantageous":[97],"case,":[100],"as":[101,113],"percentage":[103],"power":[105],"contained":[106],"nonexcited":[109],"harmonics":[110],"can":[111],"serve":[112],"measure":[115],"relative":[118],"variance":[119],"since":[123],"found":[127],"be":[129],"largely":[130],"linear.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}