{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2065573133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2406055","title":"Coils and the Electromagnet Used in the Joule Balance at the NIM","display_name":"Coils and the Electromagnet Used in the Joule Balance at the NIM","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2065573133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2406055","mag":"2065573133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2406055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2406055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.07456","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332419","display_name":"Zhonghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-3061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China",", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009830492","display_name":"Zhengkun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengkun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China",", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101429299","display_name":"Bing Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-6817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China",", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085012128","display_name":"Yunfeng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-763X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China",", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005461275","display_name":"Shisong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2509-5523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shisong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065831982","display_name":"Jinxin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-1492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367458","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3331-4834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","School of Instrument Science & Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrument Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Instrument Science & Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3232,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95642339,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"6","first_page":"1539","last_page":"1545"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13414","display_name":"Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnet","display_name":"Electromagnet","score":0.8016122579574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.78731769323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductance","display_name":"Inductance","score":0.7295986413955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.5875340700149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joule","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","score":0.5637356638908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joule-heating","display_name":"Joule heating","score":0.5485341548919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.5360591411590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux","display_name":"Magnetic flux","score":0.5334423184394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5148905515670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metrology","display_name":"Metrology","score":0.47465115785598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.45642563700675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferromagnetism","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","score":0.4478682279586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38780489563941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3573417067527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.3397921323776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/condensed-matter-physics","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","score":0.23906177282333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.23570853471755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.14911913871765137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106997767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178032","display_name":"Electromagnet","level":3,"score":0.8016122579574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.78731769323349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.7295986413955688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.5875340700149536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779058145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294583","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","level":3,"score":0.5637356638908386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117926987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210009","display_name":"Joule heating","level":2,"score":0.5485341548919678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.5360591411590576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.5334423184394836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5148905515670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195766429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q394","display_name":"Metrology","level":2,"score":0.47465115785598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.45642563700675964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82217956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184207","display_name":"Ferromagnetism","level":2,"score":0.4478682279586792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38780489563941956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3573417067527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3397921323776245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.23906177282333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.23570853471755981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.14911913871765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2406055","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2406055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1502.07456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.07456","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.07456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1502.07456","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.07456","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.07456","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4334093680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51077120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1191304555","https://openalex.org/W1976908662","https://openalex.org/W1984651182","https://openalex.org/W1989146290","https://openalex.org/W1989961157","https://openalex.org/W1994279854","https://openalex.org/W2005312235","https://openalex.org/W2021846406","https://openalex.org/W2022956444","https://openalex.org/W2058357958","https://openalex.org/W2074992665","https://openalex.org/W2090083765","https://openalex.org/W2116273884","https://openalex.org/W2132761944","https://openalex.org/W2144496765","https://openalex.org/W2153424353","https://openalex.org/W2157050011","https://openalex.org/W3102079143","https://openalex.org/W3105487900","https://openalex.org/W3151352191","https://openalex.org/W4238410406"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373989821","https://openalex.org/W114754765","https://openalex.org/W1985250799","https://openalex.org/W2007883630","https://openalex.org/W3120473554","https://openalex.org/W2991469211","https://openalex.org/W3094583181","https://openalex.org/W2111960134","https://openalex.org/W2034139904","https://openalex.org/W2622537190"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,10,20,33,45,52,57,62,87,95,99,102,114,120,130],"joule":[2],"balance":[3,16],"developed":[4],"at":[5,123],"National":[6],"Institute":[7],"of":[8,13,105,119,137],"Metrology,":[9],"dynamic":[11],"phase":[12],"a":[14,40,74,80],"watt":[15],"is":[17,48,83],"replaced":[18],"by":[19,112],"mutual":[21,131],"inductance":[22,132],"measurement":[23],"in":[24,44,56,78],"an":[25,29,66],"attempt":[26],"to":[27,50,85,128],"provide":[28],"alternative":[30],"method":[31,39],"for":[32,37],"kilogram":[34],"redefinition.":[35],"However,":[36,93],"this":[38,138],"rather":[41],"large":[42],"current":[43],"exciting":[46],"coil,":[47],"needed":[49],"offer":[51],"necessary":[53],"magnetic":[54,88,115],"field":[55,89],"force":[58],"weighing":[59],"phase,":[60],"and":[61],"coil":[63,72,76,122],"heating":[64],"becomes":[65],"important":[67],"uncertainty":[68],"source.":[69],"To":[70],"reduce":[71],"heating,":[73],"new":[75],"system,":[77],"which":[79],"ferromagnetic":[81,96],"material":[82,97],"used":[84],"increase":[86],"was":[90],"designed":[91],"recently.":[92],"adopting":[94],"brings":[98],"difficulty":[100],"from":[101],"nonlinear":[103],"characteristic":[104],"material.":[106],"This":[107],"problem":[108],"can":[109],"be":[110],"removed":[111],"measuring":[113],"flux":[116],"linkage":[117],"difference":[118],"suspended":[121],"two":[124],"vertical":[125],"positions":[126],"directly":[127],"replace":[129],"parameter.":[133],"Some":[134],"systematic":[135],"effects":[136],"magnet":[139],"are":[140],"discussed.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}