{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009033558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2395552","title":"The Improvement of Joule Balance NIM-1 and the Design of New Joule Balance NIM-2","display_name":"The Improvement of Joule Balance NIM-1 and the Design of New Joule Balance NIM-2","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009033558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2395552","mag":"2009033558"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2395552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2395552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009830492","display_name":"Zhengkun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3106-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengkun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China",", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332419","display_name":"Zhonghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8260-3061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhonghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China",", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734675","display_name":"Qing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4172-1547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China",", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101429299","display_name":"Bing Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6702-6817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China",", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085012128","display_name":"Yunfeng Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0421-763X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162136","display_name":"National Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dw0p167","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfeng Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China",", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162136"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065831982","display_name":"Jinxin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-1492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinxin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005461275","display_name":"Shisong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2509-5523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shisong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109226340","display_name":"Chen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4803-9665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367458","display_name":"Gang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3331-4834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beihang University, Beijing, China","BeiHang University, BeiJing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"BeiHang University, BeiJing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086376159","display_name":"Tao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0605-0298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010120610","display_name":"Yang Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7550-8816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin, China#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":11,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93892622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"6","first_page":"1676","last_page":"1684"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13414","display_name":"Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12004","display_name":"Advanced Frequency and Time Standards","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joule","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","score":0.774979293346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planck-constant","display_name":"Planck constant","score":0.6283639669418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balance","display_name":"Balance (ability)","score":0.5592249035835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joule-heating","display_name":"Joule heating","score":0.5455451011657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.48290085792541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.4127552807331085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.24420210719108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1874995231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.08838137984275818}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779058145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6294583","display_name":"Joule (programming language)","level":3,"score":0.774979293346405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197111296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122894","display_name":"Planck constant","level":3,"score":0.6283639669418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168031717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530280","display_name":"Balance (ability)","level":2,"score":0.5592249035835266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117926987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210009","display_name":"Joule heating","level":2,"score":0.5455451011657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.48290085792541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4127552807331085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.24420210719108582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1874995231628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.08838137984275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2015.2395552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2015.2395552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4334093680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51077120","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334904","display_name":"National Institute for Materials Science","ror":"https://ror.org/026v1ze26"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976908662","https://openalex.org/W1989961157","https://openalex.org/W1991068630","https://openalex.org/W1991519530","https://openalex.org/W2039922054","https://openalex.org/W2090083765","https://openalex.org/W2095507762","https://openalex.org/W2107330867","https://openalex.org/W2144496765","https://openalex.org/W2144557815","https://openalex.org/W2168143151","https://openalex.org/W2319524596","https://openalex.org/W2321121130"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373989821","https://openalex.org/W114754765","https://openalex.org/W1985250799","https://openalex.org/W2007883630","https://openalex.org/W3120473554","https://openalex.org/W2952851397","https://openalex.org/W2613023718","https://openalex.org/W3094583181","https://openalex.org/W2111960134","https://openalex.org/W2034139904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,35,90,108,126],"development":[1],"of":[2,14,17,28,30,45,53,71,93,163],"the":[3,9,15,18,25,43,46,50,54,72,75,94,113,130,134,152,156,159],"joule":[4,95,114,169],"balance":[5,96,115,170],"method":[6],"to":[7,41,86,99],"measure":[8],"Planck":[10,55,109],"constant,":[11],"in":[12,174],"support":[13],"redefinition":[16],"kilogram,":[19],"has":[20,38],"been":[21,39,84],"going":[22],"on":[23,151],"at":[24,58,106],"National":[26],"Institute":[27],"Metrology":[29],"China":[31],"(NIM)":[32],"since":[33],"2007.":[34],"first":[36],"prototype":[37],"built":[40],"check":[42],"feasibility":[44],"principle.":[47],"In":[48],"2011,":[49],"relative":[51,91,127],"uncertainty":[52,77,92],"constant":[56,110],"measurement":[57],"NIM":[59],"is":[60,97,116,138],"7.7":[61],"\u00d7":[62,101,120],"10":[63,102,121],"<sup":[64,103,122,140],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[65,104,123,141],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-5</sup>":[66],".":[67,143],"Self-heating":[68],"and":[69,133,161,167,176],"swing":[70],"coils":[73],"are":[74,146,172],"main":[76],"contributions.":[78],"Since":[79],"2012,":[80],"some":[81],"improvements":[82,145],"have":[83],"made":[85],"reduce":[87],"these":[88],"uncertainties.":[89],"reduced":[98],"7.2":[100],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-6</sup>":[105,142],"present.":[107],"measured":[111],"with":[112],"h":[117,132],"=":[118],"6.6261041(470)":[119],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-34</sup>":[124],"Js.":[125],"difference":[128],"between":[129],"determined":[131],"CODATA2010":[135],"recommendation":[136],"value":[137],"5\u00d710":[139],"Further":[144],"still":[147],"being":[148],"carried":[149],"out":[150],"NIM-1":[153],"apparatus.":[154],"At":[155],"same":[157],"time,":[158],"design":[160],"construction":[162],"a":[164],"brand":[165],"new":[166],"compact":[168],"NIM-2":[171],"also":[173],"progress":[175],"presented":[177],"here.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
