{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1970254922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2367771","title":"Comparison of Alkali\u2013Silica Reaction Gel Behavior in Mortar at Microwave Frequencies","display_name":"Comparison of Alkali\u2013Silica Reaction Gel Behavior in Mortar at Microwave Frequencies","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1970254922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2367771","mag":"1970254922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2367771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2367771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027740375","display_name":"Ashkan Hashemi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-8534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashkan Hashemi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringApplied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringApplied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030904779","display_name":"Matthew Jared Horst","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6301-6024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Horst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringApplied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringApplied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054530597","display_name":"Kimberly E. Kurtis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1252-7323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kimberly E. Kurtis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","School of Civil and environmental engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil and environmental engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066941650","display_name":"Kristen M. Donnell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-5484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kristen M. Donnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringApplied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringApplied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088505165","display_name":"Reza Zoughi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Zoughi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringApplied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringApplied Microwave Nondestructive Testing Laboratory, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0064,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94265125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"7","first_page":"1907","last_page":"1915"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali\u2013silica-reaction","display_name":"Alkali\u2013silica reaction","score":0.9286303520202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortar","display_name":"Mortar","score":0.860325276851654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.7932472229003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.625371515750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.5324956178665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.5003678798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-frequency","display_name":"Low frequency","score":0.4760332405567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cement","display_name":"Cement","score":0.4747626781463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.433353066444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.41427135467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkali-metal","display_name":"Alkali metal","score":0.41086524724960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.40821200609207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.22848451137542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1889152228832245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.15805605053901672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09542548656463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08054015040397644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102336505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166525","display_name":"Alkali\u2013silica reaction","level":3,"score":0.9286303520202637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130767629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7905205","display_name":"Mortar","level":2,"score":0.860325276851654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.7932472229003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.625371515750885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.5324956178665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.5003678798675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104892082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156810","display_name":"Low frequency","level":2,"score":0.4760332405567169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523993062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45190","display_name":"Cement","level":2,"score":0.4747626781463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.433353066444397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.41427135467529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198091228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19557","display_name":"Alkali metal","level":2,"score":0.41086524724960327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.40821200609207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.22848451137542725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1889152228832245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.15805605053901672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09542548656463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08054015040397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2367771","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2367771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71800744","https://openalex.org/W157445875","https://openalex.org/W581192003","https://openalex.org/W627295303","https://openalex.org/W1483613723","https://openalex.org/W1532691246","https://openalex.org/W1561574483","https://openalex.org/W1597058801","https://openalex.org/W1597222998","https://openalex.org/W1917954707","https://openalex.org/W1925913088","https://openalex.org/W2001648008","https://openalex.org/W2001738715","https://openalex.org/W2012656470","https://openalex.org/W2024557266","https://openalex.org/W2029678528","https://openalex.org/W2036248420","https://openalex.org/W2037015509","https://openalex.org/W2037274545","https://openalex.org/W2054048570","https://openalex.org/W2054656334","https://openalex.org/W2075250815","https://openalex.org/W2075575464","https://openalex.org/W2078365443","https://openalex.org/W2081681395","https://openalex.org/W2096667901","https://openalex.org/W2099532689","https://openalex.org/W2108082295","https://openalex.org/W2120124635","https://openalex.org/W2134182273","https://openalex.org/W2134393226","https://openalex.org/W2145850560","https://openalex.org/W2157119431","https://openalex.org/W2169933785","https://openalex.org/W2798875205","https://openalex.org/W2985772530","https://openalex.org/W4235935063","https://openalex.org/W4253687614","https://openalex.org/W6602927193","https://openalex.org/W6616999362","https://openalex.org/W6619895618","https://openalex.org/W6633510987","https://openalex.org/W6640422653","https://openalex.org/W6669928428","https://openalex.org/W6880117097"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2768714544","https://openalex.org/W2783338817","https://openalex.org/W2094861812","https://openalex.org/W3192670630","https://openalex.org/W2387613767","https://openalex.org/W4288062609","https://openalex.org/W2002373852","https://openalex.org/W3146315312","https://openalex.org/W2347210854","https://openalex.org/W2633981421"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alkali-silica":[0],"reaction":[1,98],"(ASR)":[2],"is":[3,64,150],"one":[4],"common":[5],"cause":[6],"of":[7,22,39,57,69,107,145,163,169,213],"concrete":[8],"deterioration":[9,56],"and":[10,37,55,84,95,130,136,183,199,205],"has":[11,74],"been":[12],"a":[13,30,60,79,210],"growing":[14],"concern":[15],"for":[16,81,193,236],"decades.":[17],"Water,":[18],"in":[19,33,53,115,209,239],"the":[20,34,67,75,105,110,142,161,167,190,214,223,231,240],"presence":[21,106,168],"reactive":[23,198],"aggregates":[24],"used":[25,91],"to":[26,66,77,92,104,128,152,166,229],"make":[27],"concrete,":[28],"plays":[29],"major":[31],"role":[32],"formation,":[35],"sustainment,":[36],"promotion":[38],"this":[40,43,116],"reaction.":[41],"In":[42],"process,":[44],"free":[45],"water":[46,70,111],"becomes":[47],"bound":[48],"within":[49],"ASR":[50,82,94,139,146,237],"gel,":[51],"resulting":[52],"expansion":[54],"concrete.":[58],"Devising":[59],"test":[61],"approach":[62],"that":[63,226],"sensitive":[65,103],"state":[68],"(free":[71],"or":[72],"bound)":[73],"potential":[76,127],"become":[78],"method-of-choice":[80],"detection":[83],"evaluation,":[85],"since":[86,109],"such":[87],"measures":[88],"can":[89],"be":[90,230],"detect":[93],"potentially":[96],"quantify":[97],"progression.":[99],"Microwave":[100],"signals":[101,216],"are":[102],"water,":[108],"relaxation":[112],"frequency":[113,117,157,234],"occurs":[114],"range.":[118],"Recently,":[119],"microwave":[120,156,215,241],"nondestructive":[121],"evaluation":[122,238],"techniques":[123],"have":[124],"shown":[125],"great":[126],"evaluate":[129,160],"distinguish":[131],"between":[132],"ASR-affected":[133,219],"mortar":[134,194],"samples":[135,195],"those":[137],"without":[138],"gel.":[140],"Given":[141],"complex":[143],"chemistry":[144],"products,":[147],"their":[148],"behavior":[149],"expected":[151],"differ":[153],"at":[154,176],"different":[155,164],"bands.":[158],"To":[159],"sensitivity":[162],"frequencies":[165],"ASR,":[170],"dielectric":[171],"constant":[172],"measurements":[173],"were":[174],"conducted":[175],"R-band":[177],"(1.7-2.6":[178],"GHz),":[179,182],"S-band":[180,227],"(2.6-3.95":[181],"X-band":[184],"(8.2-12.4":[185],"GHz).":[186],"This":[187],"paper":[188],"presents":[189],"measured":[191],"results":[192,204,224],"made":[196],"with":[197,218],"nonreactive":[200],"aggregates.":[201],"The":[202],"measurement":[203],"subsequent":[206],"analyses":[207],"aid":[208],"better":[211],"understanding":[212],"interaction":[217],"cement-based":[220],"materials.":[221],"Moreover,":[222],"indicate":[225],"appears":[228],"most":[232],"appropriate":[233],"band":[235],"regime.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
