{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080925537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2366272","title":"Low-Complex Synchronization Algorithms for Embedded Wireless Sensor Networks","display_name":"Low-Complex Synchronization Algorithms for Embedded Wireless Sensor Networks","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080925537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2366272","mag":"2080925537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2366272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2366272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069864133","display_name":"Achim Berger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5022-2785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146193","display_name":"Linz Center of Mechatronics (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwv6530","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achim Berger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria",", Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062133478","display_name":"Markus Pichler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6344-8230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146193","display_name":"Linz Center of Mechatronics (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwv6530","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Pichler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria",", Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000713850","display_name":"Johannes Klinglmayr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1665-7803"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146193","display_name":"Linz Center of Mechatronics (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwv6530","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johannes Klinglmayr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria",", Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082651277","display_name":"Albert P\u00f6tsch","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146193","display_name":"Linz Center of Mechatronics (Austria)","ror":"https://ror.org/05dwv6530","country_code":"AT","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Potsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria",", Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Linz Center of Mechatronics GmbH, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013115524","display_name":"Andreas Springer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-5184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121883995","display_name":"Johannes Kepler University of Linz","ror":"https://ror.org/052r2xn60","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Springer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","[Institute for Communications, Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Communications Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Institute for Communications, Engineering and RF-Systems, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121883995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95522836,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"4","first_page":"1032","last_page":"1042"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9735000133514404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.9527999758720398,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7612266540527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.7092764377593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution-in-wireless-sensor-networks","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","score":0.5353397130966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.4865685701370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.47893795371055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4643481373786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4488829970359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.4462399482727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol-stack","display_name":"Protocol stack","score":0.4410941004753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4369598925113678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.41621237993240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4114149808883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.36436864733695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08921656012535095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7612266540527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.7092764377593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41971633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398155","display_name":"Key distribution in wireless sensor networks","level":4,"score":0.5353397130966187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.4865685701370239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.47893795371055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4643481373786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4488829970359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.4462399482727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38601921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1757693","display_name":"Protocol stack","level":3,"score":0.4410941004753113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4369598925113678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.41621237993240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4114149808883667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.36436864733695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08921656012535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2366272","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2366272","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W575841261","https://openalex.org/W1526359699","https://openalex.org/W1569794337","https://openalex.org/W1985173682","https://openalex.org/W1999458873","https://openalex.org/W2009133028","https://openalex.org/W2026293753","https://openalex.org/W2027808429","https://openalex.org/W2039987051","https://openalex.org/W2058533888","https://openalex.org/W2076127403","https://openalex.org/W2092898013","https://openalex.org/W2094636498","https://openalex.org/W2097050668","https://openalex.org/W2097670699","https://openalex.org/W2105666891","https://openalex.org/W2112216075","https://openalex.org/W2145981955","https://openalex.org/W2150029405","https://openalex.org/W2151328630","https://openalex.org/W2170715240","https://openalex.org/W2171665783","https://openalex.org/W2535016594","https://openalex.org/W3106753174","https://openalex.org/W4251986490","https://openalex.org/W6657368328"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W2187730212","https://openalex.org/W4312714696","https://openalex.org/W2127116759","https://openalex.org/W1986532039","https://openalex.org/W2130974576","https://openalex.org/W2364948717","https://openalex.org/W3183483298","https://openalex.org/W2356054222","https://openalex.org/W2936090873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"industrial":[1],"applications":[2],"of":[3,10],"wireless":[4,21,66],"sensor":[5,14,133],"networks":[6],"(WSNs),":[7],"synchronized":[8],"sampling":[9,35,134,138],"data":[11,39,56,74],"on":[12,45,61,110],"each":[13],"node":[15],"is":[16,41,86],"often":[17,51],"required.":[18],"Thus,":[19],"the":[20,46,62,83,97,143,151],"communication":[22],"protocol":[23,84],"needs":[24],"to":[25,32],"support":[26],"accurate":[27,79],"timing":[28,80],"synchronization.":[29],"If":[30],"due":[31],"a":[33,137],"high":[34,38,73],"rate":[36,135],"also":[37],"throughput":[40,75],"required,":[42],"WSNs":[43],"based":[44,60],"IEEE":[47,64],"802.15.4":[48],"physical":[49],"layer":[50],"do":[52],"not":[53,77],"provide":[54],"sufficient":[55],"rate.":[57],"Wireless":[58],"communications":[59],"well-established":[63],"802.11":[65],"local":[67],"area":[68],"network":[69],"(WLAN)":[70],"standard":[71],"provides":[72],"but":[76],"an":[78,111],"synchronization":[81,94,120,145],"unless":[82],"stack":[85],"severely":[87],"changed.":[88],"We":[89],"propose":[90],"two":[91],"low-complexity":[92],"consensus-based":[93],"algorithms":[95],"for":[96,142,150],"hybrid":[98],"WSN":[99],"introduced,":[100],"which":[101],"are":[102],"executable":[103],"at":[104],"limited":[105],"embedded":[106],"computing":[107],"capacity,":[108],"e.g.,":[109],"8":[112],"bit":[113],"microcontroller.":[114],"A":[115],"time":[116],"division":[117],"multiple":[118],"access-based":[119],"packet":[121],"broadcasting":[122],"with":[123,136],"three-step-controlled":[124,144],"or":[125],"proportional-integral":[126],"(PI)-controlled":[127],"clock":[128],"adjustment":[129],"enables":[130],"1":[131],"kHz":[132],"jitter":[139],"<;15":[140],"\u03bcs":[141,149],"algorithm":[146],"and":[147],"<;1":[148],"PI-controlled":[152],"algorithm.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}