{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006899480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2340640","title":"Principal Component Compression Method for Covariance Matrices Used for Uncertainty Propagation","display_name":"Principal Component Compression Method for Covariance Matrices Used for Uncertainty Propagation","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006899480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2340640","mag":"2006899480"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2340640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2340640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047701264","display_name":"David A. Humphreys","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-6742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David A. Humphreys","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K","[National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036627753","display_name":"P M Harris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3544-2945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter M. Harris","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K","[National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089115283","display_name":"Manuel Rodriguez-Higuero","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117279","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial","ror":"https://ror.org/02m44ak47","country_code":"ES","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210117279"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Rodriguez-Higuero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain","Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Nacional de T\u00e9cnica Aeroespacial, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039648301","display_name":"Faisal Mubarak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4774-9038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164637","display_name":"VSL Dutch Metrology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ap1vt50","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164637"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Ali Mubarak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Van Swinden Laboratorium, Delft, The Netherlands",", Van Swinden Laboratorium, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Van Swinden Laboratorium, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Van Swinden Laboratorium, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164637"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101464453","display_name":"Dongsheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-4963"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164637","display_name":"VSL Dutch Metrology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05ap1vt50","country_code":"NL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164637"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongsheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Van Swinden Laboratorium, Delft, The Netherlands",", Van Swinden Laboratorium, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Van Swinden Laboratorium, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164637"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Van Swinden Laboratorium, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061259833","display_name":"K. Ojasalo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133698016","display_name":"National metrology institute VTT MIKES","ror":"https://ror.org/0398a1r53","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133698016","https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kari Ojasalo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Metrology and Accreditation, Espoo, Finland",", Centre for Metrology and Accreditation, Espoo, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Metrology and Accreditation, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133698016"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Centre for Metrology and Accreditation, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133698016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047701264"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95492159,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"2","first_page":"356","last_page":"365"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.7375351190567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.7222351431846619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.6746619939804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5932213068008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.49720075726509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4928896427154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.48172619938850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.45754215121269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression","display_name":"Compression (physics)","score":0.45706549286842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-of-covariance-matrices","display_name":"Estimation of covariance matrices","score":0.43996894359588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.4282607436180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscilloscope","display_name":"Oscilloscope","score":0.4195360243320465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3791603744029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.23010694980621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15986713767051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09078937768936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.07078021764755249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.7375351190567017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7222351431846619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.6746619939804077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5932213068008423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.49720075726509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4928896427154541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.48172619938850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.45754215121269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45706549286842346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180877172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5401390","display_name":"Estimation of covariance matrices","level":3,"score":0.43996894359588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4282607436180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184026988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174320","display_name":"Oscilloscope","level":3,"score":0.4195360243320465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3791603744029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.23010694980621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15986713767051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09078937768936157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.07078021764755249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2340640","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2340640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483665681","https://openalex.org/W2034248602","https://openalex.org/W2042235575","https://openalex.org/W2051703638","https://openalex.org/W2066779753","https://openalex.org/W2082264006","https://openalex.org/W2091336898","https://openalex.org/W2102959510","https://openalex.org/W2113475782","https://openalex.org/W2140791720","https://openalex.org/W2146485696","https://openalex.org/W2149846216","https://openalex.org/W2152060313","https://openalex.org/W2160153147","https://openalex.org/W2170625389","https://openalex.org/W2174807990","https://openalex.org/W2187519788","https://openalex.org/W2328976580","https://openalex.org/W2335391942","https://openalex.org/W3149489679","https://openalex.org/W4234917909","https://openalex.org/W6628750148","https://openalex.org/W6682252644","https://openalex.org/W6686590536"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126916073","https://openalex.org/W2921280830","https://openalex.org/W2887132723","https://openalex.org/W2572601863","https://openalex.org/W2038723318","https://openalex.org/W1679731869","https://openalex.org/W1670628120","https://openalex.org/W3041177925","https://openalex.org/W2886934452","https://openalex.org/W2024369332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,94],"investigate":[1],"a":[2,70],"principal":[3],"component":[4],"analysis":[5],"approach":[6,45],"for":[7,47],"compressing":[8],"the":[9,23,31,44,54,63,79,86,90],"covariance":[10,64,92],"matrices":[11,65],"derived":[12],"from":[13],"real-time":[14],"and":[15,50],"sampling":[16],"oscilloscope":[17],"measurements.":[18],"The":[19],"objective":[20],"of":[21,78,98],"reducing":[22],"data":[24,99],"storage":[25],"requirements":[26],"to":[27,30,88,103],"scale":[28],"proportional":[29],"trace":[32],"length":[33],"n":[34,37],"rather":[35],"than":[36],"<sup":[38],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[39],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[40],"is":[41],"achieved,":[42],"making":[43],"practical":[46],"representing":[48],"results":[49,60],"uncertainties":[51],"in":[52,69],"either":[53],"time":[55],"or":[56],"frequency":[57,106],"domain.":[58],"Simulation":[59],"indicate":[61],"that":[62],"can":[66,82],"be":[67,83],"represented":[68],"compact":[71],"form":[72],"with":[73],"negligible":[74],"error.":[75],"Mathematical":[76],"manipulation":[77],"compressed":[80],"matrix":[81],"achieved":[84],"without":[85],"need":[87],"reconstruct":[89],"full":[91],"matrix.":[93],"have":[95],"demonstrated":[96],"compression":[97],"sets":[100],"containing":[101],"up":[102],"10000":[104],"complex":[105],"components.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
