{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2042211343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2318371","title":"Diagnosis of PEM Fuel Cell Drying and Flooding Based on Power Converter Ripple","display_name":"Diagnosis of PEM Fuel Cell Drying and Flooding Based on Power Converter Ripple","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2042211343","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2318371","mag":"2042211343"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2318371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2318371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/851734","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110302767","display_name":"Giovanni Dotelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1876-9881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Dotelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066443434","display_name":"Roberto Ferrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7820-9021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Ferrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Systems, Land and Constructions, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","[Department of Energy, Systems, Land and Constructions, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Systems, Land and Constructions, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Energy, Systems, Land and Constructions, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085545319","display_name":"Paola Gallo Stampino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-0195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paola Gallo Stampino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086730444","display_name":"Saverio Latorrata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7087-553X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saverio Latorrata","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering G. Natta, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering \u201cG. Natta\u201d, Politecnico Di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003675815","display_name":"Sergio Toscani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2317-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Toscani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Dipartimento di ElettronicaInformazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di ElettronicaInformazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano Milan Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110302767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3493,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93005768,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"10","first_page":"2341","last_page":"2348"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.7709368467330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6546205282211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membrane-fuel-cell","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","score":0.5488059520721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.5078878998756409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4845844507217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44015973806381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.4347118139266968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4309142827987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.42120468616485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.40536782145500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.38645294308662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.35380643606185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.25759726762771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-cells","display_name":"Fuel cells","score":0.19033324718475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09948718547821045}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.7709368467330933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6546205282211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.5488059520721436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.5078878998756409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4845844507217407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44015973806381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.4347118139266968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4309142827987671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.42120468616485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.40536782145500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.38645294308662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35380643606185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25759726762771606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987658370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180253","display_name":"Fuel cells","level":2,"score":0.19033324718475342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09948718547821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2318371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2318371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/851734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/851734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/851734","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/851734","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980013400","https://openalex.org/W1980835995","https://openalex.org/W1992274525","https://openalex.org/W1999135100","https://openalex.org/W2002041483","https://openalex.org/W2002729971","https://openalex.org/W2004715716","https://openalex.org/W2006558122","https://openalex.org/W2015400414","https://openalex.org/W2024517531","https://openalex.org/W2030043358","https://openalex.org/W2033477755","https://openalex.org/W2033495073","https://openalex.org/W2035989285","https://openalex.org/W2049249255","https://openalex.org/W2056372044","https://openalex.org/W2058198791","https://openalex.org/W2061949263","https://openalex.org/W2070094450","https://openalex.org/W2076401844","https://openalex.org/W2077007454","https://openalex.org/W2077567631","https://openalex.org/W2095117869","https://openalex.org/W2101779574","https://openalex.org/W2106434466","https://openalex.org/W2119007261","https://openalex.org/W2128175804","https://openalex.org/W2133583220","https://openalex.org/W2158969213","https://openalex.org/W2162305326","https://openalex.org/W2495062713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229441739","https://openalex.org/W4303411445","https://openalex.org/W4207040089","https://openalex.org/W2384455639","https://openalex.org/W1519622926","https://openalex.org/W2942800108","https://openalex.org/W3109306766","https://openalex.org/W172904397","https://openalex.org/W4286587111","https://openalex.org/W631083485"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,7,43,52,60,68,82,90,96,112],"possibility":[4],"to":[5,103],"use":[6],"current":[8],"ripple":[9,62,74],"introduced":[10],"by":[11,64,140,147],"switch":[12],"mode":[13],"power":[14],"converters":[15],"for":[16,29],"low-cost":[17],"monitoring":[18],"of":[19,42,51,86,149],"polymer":[20],"electrolyte":[21],"membrane":[22,53],"(PEM)":[23],"fuel":[24],"cell":[25],"(FC)":[26],"state-of-health,":[27],"suitable":[28],"commercial":[30],"applications":[31],"that":[32,110],"cannot":[33],"afford":[34],"dedicated":[35],"instrumentation.":[36],"In":[37],"more":[38],"details,":[39],"an":[40,150],"estimate":[41],"ohmic":[44],"resistance,":[45],"which":[46],"is":[47,80,122,128],"a":[48,131],"good":[49],"indicator":[50],"water":[54,120],"content,":[55],"can":[56,100],"be":[57,101],"obtained":[58],"from":[59],"high-frequency":[61],"response":[63],"data":[65],"processing":[66],"in":[67,81,135],"frequency":[69,73,84],"domain,":[70],"while":[71],"lower":[72],"at":[75],"100/120":[76],"Hz":[77],"(when":[78],"present)":[79],"typical":[83],"range":[85],"activation":[87],"processes.":[88],"All":[89],"available":[91],"impedance":[92],"estimates,":[93],"together":[94],"with":[95],"dc":[97],"voltage":[98],"measurement,":[99],"used":[102],"promptly":[104],"detect":[105],"FC":[106,134],"drying":[107,136],"and":[108,137,143],"flooding,":[109],"are":[111],"two":[113],"opposite":[114],"failure":[115],"modes":[116],"as":[117,119],"far":[118],"balance":[121],"concerned.":[123],"The":[124],"proposed":[125],"diagnostic":[126],"approach":[127],"tested":[129],"on":[130],"single":[132],"PEM":[133],"flooding":[138],"conditions,":[139],"emulating":[141],"three-phase":[142],"single-phase":[144],"inverter":[145],"ripples":[146],"means":[148],"electronic":[151],"load.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}