{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1984626222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2304365","title":"Selective Integration of GNSS, Vision Sensor, and INS Using Weighted DOP Under GNSS-Challenged Environments","display_name":"Selective Integration of GNSS, Vision Sensor, and INS Using Weighted DOP Under GNSS-Challenged Environments","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1984626222","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2304365","mag":"1984626222"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2304365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2304365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049061995","display_name":"Dae Hee Won","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-1352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188538660","display_name":"University of Colorado Boulder","ror":"https://ror.org/02ttsq026","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dae Hee Won","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","[Department of AeroSpace Engineering Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of AeroSpace Engineering Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188538660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085521599","display_name":"Eunsung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1507-098X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800747041","display_name":"Korea Aerospace Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/037pqnq23","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800747041","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4405260336"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunsung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Satellite Navigation, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Satellite Navigation, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800747041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108673172","display_name":"Moon-Beom Heo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800747041","display_name":"Korea Aerospace Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/037pqnq23","country_code":"KR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800747041","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4405260336"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moonbeom Heo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Satellite Navigation, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Satellite Navigation, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800747041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403768","display_name":"Seung\u2010Woo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8784-641X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4921948","display_name":"Pusan National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01an57a31","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung-Woo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science, Pusan National University, Busan, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4921948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101825087","display_name":"Jiyun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2291-3623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea","Department of Aerospace Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon , Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101845109","display_name":"Jeongrae Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5070-7336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24456540","display_name":"Korea Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/05jmm0651","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeongrae Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Gyonggi-do, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Korea Aerospace University, Gyonggi-do, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24456540"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049009889","display_name":"Sangkyung Sung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0867-8428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangkyung Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea","Dept. of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100360637","display_name":"Young Jae Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4177-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young Jae Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea","Dept. of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":45.8514,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99384315,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"9","first_page":"2288","last_page":"2298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.9509936571121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6488877534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dilution-of-precision","display_name":"Dilution of precision","score":0.5903062224388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-system","display_name":"Satellite system","score":0.5764618515968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-navigation-system","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","score":0.5468699932098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-navigation","display_name":"Air navigation","score":0.5453476905822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5319528579711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"Satellite navigation","score":0.49267011880874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.47546833753585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47398510575294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4510931968688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.4449394643306732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13780000805854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.1338377296924591}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.9509936571121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6488877534866333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200499919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q616896","display_name":"Dilution of precision","level":4,"score":0.5903062224388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.5764618515968323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128651787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570607","display_name":"Inertial navigation system","level":3,"score":0.5468699932098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504623915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427822","display_name":"Air navigation","level":3,"score":0.5453476905822754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5319528579711914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36301306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179435","display_name":"Satellite navigation","level":3,"score":0.49267011880874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.47546833753585815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47398510575294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4510931968688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.4449394643306732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13780000805854797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.1338377296924591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2304365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2304365","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531218787","https://openalex.org/W1535241481","https://openalex.org/W1564768010","https://openalex.org/W1677409904","https://openalex.org/W1981037729","https://openalex.org/W1985706329","https://openalex.org/W1994641974","https://openalex.org/W1994967943","https://openalex.org/W1996887797","https://openalex.org/W2029815037","https://openalex.org/W2050013274","https://openalex.org/W2080156965","https://openalex.org/W2085336496","https://openalex.org/W2106065105","https://openalex.org/W2110543886","https://openalex.org/W2121337533","https://openalex.org/W2124386111","https://openalex.org/W2127578024","https://openalex.org/W2133471976","https://openalex.org/W2144918665","https://openalex.org/W2146881125","https://openalex.org/W2146960482","https://openalex.org/W2161701255","https://openalex.org/W2536734722","https://openalex.org/W2733537065","https://openalex.org/W3040777582","https://openalex.org/W3145154766","https://openalex.org/W4232628775","https://openalex.org/W6631976315","https://openalex.org/W6637400245","https://openalex.org/W6649150822","https://openalex.org/W6740800625"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2979651660","https://openalex.org/W2989598288","https://openalex.org/W2065350823","https://openalex.org/W2463987300","https://openalex.org/W2367018089","https://openalex.org/W1630713849","https://openalex.org/W2791500881","https://openalex.org/W2385483322","https://openalex.org/W2068158190","https://openalex.org/W2361619788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"and":[1,21,43,76,117,129,135,158,176,222,230],"precise":[2],"navigation":[3,15,23,68,88,142,182],"solution":[4,188],"can":[5],"be":[6,145],"obtained":[7],"by":[8,167,185],"integrating":[9],"multiple":[10,67,201],"sensors":[11,69,143,202],"such":[12,70],"as":[13,71,136],"global":[14],"satellite":[16],"system":[17,24],"(GNSS),":[18],"vision":[19,47,74],"sensor,":[20,75],"inertial":[22],"(INS).":[25],"However,":[26],"accuracy":[27,59,206],"of":[28,40,111,114,132,149,179,200],"position":[29,127],"solutions":[30],"under":[31,60,213],"GNSS-challenged":[32,61,214],"environment":[33],"occasionally":[34],"degrades":[35],"due":[36],"to":[37,65,83,102,124,139,144],"poor":[38,85,232],"distributions":[39,113],"GNSS":[41],"satellites":[42,116,221],"feature":[44,118,223],"points":[45,224],"from":[46],"sensors.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"proposes":[51],"a":[52,73,137,156],"selective":[53,181,198],"integration":[54,199,210],"method,":[55],"which":[56,107],"improves":[57,203],"positioning":[58,205],"environments":[62,86],"when":[63,91,211,220],"applied":[64,101,212],"the":[66,104,109,115,126,130,133,141,150,172,177,180,190,197,204],"GNSS,":[72],"INS.":[77],"A":[78],"performance":[79,105,163,178],"index":[80,164],"is":[81,217],"introduced":[82],"recognize":[84],"where":[87],"errors":[89,128],"increase":[90],"measurements":[92],"are":[93,225],"added.":[94],"The":[95,147,162,193],"weighted":[96],"least":[97],"squares":[98],"method":[99,152],"was":[100,121,153,165,183],"derive":[103],"index,":[106],"measures":[108],"goodness":[110],"geometrical":[112],"points.":[119],"It":[120,216],"also":[122],"used":[123],"predict":[125],"effects":[131],"integration,":[134],"criterion":[138],"select":[140],"integrated.":[146],"feasibility":[148],"proposed":[151],"verified":[154,184],"through":[155],"simulation":[157],"an":[159],"experimental":[160],"test.":[161],"examined":[166],"checking":[168],"its":[169,187],"correlation":[170],"with":[171,189,208],"positional":[173],"error":[174],"covariance,":[175],"comparing":[186],"reference":[191],"position.":[192],"results":[194],"show":[195],"that":[196],"compared":[207],"nonselective":[209],"environments.":[215],"especially":[218],"effective":[219],"posed":[226],"in":[227],"certain":[228],"directions":[229],"have":[231],"geometry.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
