{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971221370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2299371","title":"Tampering Detection in Compressed Digital Video Using Watermarking","display_name":"Tampering Detection in Compressed Digital Video Using Watermarking","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971221370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2299371","mag":"1971221370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2299371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2299371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056689227","display_name":"Mehdi Fallahpour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Fallahpour","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044422170","display_name":"Shervin Shirmohammadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3973-4445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shervin Shirmohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082930160","display_name":"Mehdi Semsarzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8308-9375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Semsarzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102917691","display_name":"Jiying Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7921-6503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153718931","display_name":"University of Ottawa","ror":"https://ror.org/03c4mmv16","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiying Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056689227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153718931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":79,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97735149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"5","first_page":"1057","last_page":"1072"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7923411130905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroblock","display_name":"Macroblock","score":0.6775556802749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5662293434143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/codec","display_name":"Codec","score":0.5490440130233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.545205295085907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalable-video-coding","display_name":"Scalable Video Coding","score":0.5266473293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncompressed-video","display_name":"Uncompressed video","score":0.5045632123947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-compression-picture-types","display_name":"Video compression picture types","score":0.4988369941711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-processing","display_name":"Video processing","score":0.49650365114212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.477151095867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47129881381988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-denoising","display_name":"Video denoising","score":0.46640387177467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.46141135692596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiview-video-coding","display_name":"Multiview Video Coding","score":0.4463639259338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.42492741346359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transform-coding","display_name":"Transform coding","score":0.4222117066383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-compensation","display_name":"Motion compensation","score":0.3401062488555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.33167338371276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2268264889717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19287434220314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.14674514532089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08431568741798401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7923411130905151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124828224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632668","display_name":"Macroblock","level":3,"score":0.6775556802749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5662293434143066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161765866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184748","display_name":"Codec","level":2,"score":0.5490440130233765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.545205295085907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133529210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076113","display_name":"Scalable Video Coding","level":3,"score":0.5266473293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162478608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4011369","display_name":"Uncompressed video","level":4,"score":0.5045632123947144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106030495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1797012","display_name":"Video compression picture types","level":4,"score":0.4988369941711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65483669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536669","display_name":"Video processing","level":2,"score":0.49650365114212036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.477151095867157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47129881381988525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30814859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4119603","display_name":"Video denoising","level":5,"score":0.46640387177467346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.46141135692596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23431618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404672","display_name":"Multiview Video Coding","level":4,"score":0.4463639259338379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.42492741346359253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.4222117066383362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128840427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302174","display_name":"Motion compensation","level":2,"score":0.3401062488555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.33167338371276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2268264889717102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19287434220314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.14674514532089233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08431568741798401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2014.2299371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2014.2299371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523416581","https://openalex.org/W1968419893","https://openalex.org/W1974444475","https://openalex.org/W1983369603","https://openalex.org/W2006071024","https://openalex.org/W2010033627","https://openalex.org/W2018275788","https://openalex.org/W2018588909","https://openalex.org/W2036031434","https://openalex.org/W2079065761","https://openalex.org/W2087843952","https://openalex.org/W2091832805","https://openalex.org/W2096186241","https://openalex.org/W2096933931","https://openalex.org/W2097032513","https://openalex.org/W2100500380","https://openalex.org/W2101232837","https://openalex.org/W2103320971","https://openalex.org/W2106219841","https://openalex.org/W2110929175","https://openalex.org/W2115677140","https://openalex.org/W2115905033","https://openalex.org/W2120983367","https://openalex.org/W2126554342","https://openalex.org/W2133297827","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2140199336","https://openalex.org/W2141226347","https://openalex.org/W2147237708","https://openalex.org/W2152570627","https://openalex.org/W2155594227","https://openalex.org/W2156533096","https://openalex.org/W2159254651","https://openalex.org/W2160362573","https://openalex.org/W2162974356","https://openalex.org/W2163156532","https://openalex.org/W2169940774","https://openalex.org/W3151739296","https://openalex.org/W6641789550","https://openalex.org/W6673051804"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013322428","https://openalex.org/W2165546027","https://openalex.org/W4256150327","https://openalex.org/W2081030130","https://openalex.org/W2160453698","https://openalex.org/W2112604666","https://openalex.org/W2324187349","https://openalex.org/W98872762","https://openalex.org/W2137128365","https://openalex.org/W2099031831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,25,170],"method":[4,67,76,100,115,162],"to":[5,68,81,91,119,169,198],"detect":[6,69],"video":[7,14,122,129,159,166],"tampering":[8],"and":[9,21,44,47,72,85,106,135,142,177,190],"distinguish":[10],"it":[11,137],"from":[12],"common":[13],"processing":[15],"operations,":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"recompression,":[19],"noise,":[20],"brightness":[22],"increase,":[23],"using":[24,138],"practical":[26],"watermarking":[27],"scheme":[28],"for":[29],"real-time":[30],"authentication":[31],"of":[32,58,87,103,110,173,182,196],"digital":[33],"video.":[34],"In":[35,97],"our":[36,66,99,114,161],"method,":[37],"the":[38,42,51,61,88,92,108,111,125,139,149,192],"watermark":[39],"signals":[40],"represent":[41],"macroblock's":[43],"frame's":[45],"indices,":[46],"are":[48],"embedded":[49],"into":[50],"nonzero":[52,63],"quantized":[53],"discrete":[54],"cosine":[55],"transform":[56],"value":[57],"blocks,":[59],"mostly":[60],"last":[62],"values,":[64],"enabling":[65],"spatial,":[70],"temporal,":[71],"spatiotemporal":[73],"tampering.":[74],"Our":[75],"can":[77,116],"be":[78,117],"easily":[79],"configured":[80],"adjust":[82],"transparency,":[83],"robustness,":[84],"capacity":[86],"system":[89],"according":[90],"specific":[93],"application":[94],"at":[95],"hand.":[96],"addition,":[98],"takes":[101],"advantage":[102],"content-based":[104],"cryptography":[105],"increases":[107],"security":[109],"system.":[112],"While":[113],"applied":[118],"any":[120],"modern":[121],"codec,":[123,141],"including":[124],"recently":[126],"released":[127],"high-efficiency":[128],"coding":[130],"standard,":[131],"we":[132,143],"have":[133,144],"implemented":[134],"evaluated":[136],"H.264/AVC":[140,201],"shown":[145],"that":[146],"compared":[147],"with":[148,184,191],"existing":[150],"similar":[151],"methods,":[152],"which":[153],"also":[154],"embed":[155],"extra":[156],"bits":[157],"inside":[158],"frames,":[160],"causes":[163],"significantly":[164],"smaller":[165],"distortion,":[167],"leading":[168],"PSNR":[171],"degradation":[172],"about":[174],"0.88":[175,199],"dB":[176],"structural":[178],"similarity":[179],"index":[180],"decrease":[181],"0.0090":[183],"only":[185],"0.05%":[186],"increase":[187],"in":[188],"bitrate,":[189],"bit":[193],"correct":[194],"rate":[195],"0.71":[197],"after":[200],"recompression.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}