{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1735866749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2289700","title":"Development of an Improved Time\u2013Frequency Analysis-Based Nonintrusive Load Monitor for Load Demand Identification","display_name":"Development of an Improved Time\u2013Frequency Analysis-Based Nonintrusive Load Monitor for Load Demand Identification","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1735866749","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2289700","mag":"1735866749"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2013.2289700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2289700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043205230","display_name":"Yu\u2010Hsiu Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1407-2262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Hsiu Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan",", Graduate Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Graduate Institute of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026214108","display_name":"Men\u2010Shen Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6097-4953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157642","display_name":"Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/056qj1t15","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642","https://openalex.org/I78650965"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118292597","display_name":"National Taipei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00cn92c09","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]}],"countries":["DE","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Men-Shen Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan",", Graduate Institute of Automation Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":", Graduate Institute of Automation Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157642"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043205230"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118292597"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97484407,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"6","first_page":"1470","last_page":"1483"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knapsack-problem","display_name":"Knapsack problem","score":0.8453855514526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6448558568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ant-colony-optimization-algorithms","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","score":0.5231419801712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.5146142244338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4969070255756378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.48895299434661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4804520308971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.4718097448348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metering-mode","display_name":"Metering mode","score":0.46560174226760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.455606609582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.44839560985565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management-system","display_name":"Energy management system","score":0.44337424635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4372290372848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.3778959810733795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.25865209102630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15244963765144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10680034756660461}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113138325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864457","display_name":"Knapsack problem","level":2,"score":0.8453855514526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6448558568954468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40128228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q460851","display_name":"Ant colony optimization algorithms","level":2,"score":0.5231419801712036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.5146142244338989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4969070255756378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.48895299434661865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4804520308971405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4718097448348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30905978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815598","display_name":"Metering mode","level":2,"score":0.46560174226760864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.455606609582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.44839560985565186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781260460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6139999","display_name":"Energy management system","level":4,"score":0.44337424635887146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4372290372848511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.3778959810733795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25865209102630615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15244963765144348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10680034756660461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2013.2289700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2289700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3479548802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSC 101-2221-E-027-097-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","funder_display_name":"National Science Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W656944522","https://openalex.org/W1586409345","https://openalex.org/W1674834782","https://openalex.org/W1969541079","https://openalex.org/W1978670814","https://openalex.org/W1984387134","https://openalex.org/W1985345651","https://openalex.org/W1986754283","https://openalex.org/W1988917187","https://openalex.org/W1993297921","https://openalex.org/W1994191509","https://openalex.org/W2010314082","https://openalex.org/W2047279229","https://openalex.org/W2047861906","https://openalex.org/W2053108004","https://openalex.org/W2075901867","https://openalex.org/W2080071438","https://openalex.org/W2092963989","https://openalex.org/W2096300471","https://openalex.org/W2099859507","https://openalex.org/W2101047175","https://openalex.org/W2114794982","https://openalex.org/W2116977236","https://openalex.org/W2117995571","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2131634249","https://openalex.org/W2133551681","https://openalex.org/W2142086120","https://openalex.org/W2142586459","https://openalex.org/W2143187813","https://openalex.org/W2148938203","https://openalex.org/W2150697400","https://openalex.org/W2151729265","https://openalex.org/W2154013842","https://openalex.org/W2154929945","https://openalex.org/W2160641319","https://openalex.org/W2165856210","https://openalex.org/W2175545865","https://openalex.org/W2180975645","https://openalex.org/W2492181757","https://openalex.org/W2539851955","https://openalex.org/W3016885447","https://openalex.org/W6662319118","https://openalex.org/W6662396802","https://openalex.org/W6681327514","https://openalex.org/W6681475129","https://openalex.org/W6776439080"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W241127407","https://openalex.org/W2381035939","https://openalex.org/W2468477307","https://openalex.org/W2910645127","https://openalex.org/W162895179","https://openalex.org/W1992758684","https://openalex.org/W2548554710","https://openalex.org/W2165916235","https://openalex.org/W3173398079","https://openalex.org/W2173971404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,79],"a":[1,6,13,47,50,111,119,167],"smart":[2,7],"house":[3],"connected":[4],"to":[5,72,128,159,189],"grid":[8],"via":[9],"advanced":[10],"metering":[11],"infrastructure,":[12],"nonintrusive":[14],"load":[15,26,58,99,125,149],"monitor":[16],"(NILM)":[17],"that":[18,133,163],"identifies":[19],"individual":[20,130],"appliances":[21,132],"by":[22],"disaggregating":[23],"composite":[24],"electric":[25],"signal":[27],"from":[28,175],"the":[29,36,41,148,176,179],"minimal":[30],"number":[31],"of":[32,49,57,88],"sensors":[33],"installed":[34],"at":[35],"main":[37],"distribution":[38],"board":[39],"in":[40,107,184],"field":[42],"can":[43],"be":[44,136,140,190],"regarded":[45],"as":[46,166],"part":[48],"home/building":[51],"energy":[52,74],"management":[53,75],"system.":[54],"This":[55],"type":[56],"monitoring":[59],"technique,":[60],"not":[61],"only":[62],"for":[63,67],"domestic":[64],"but":[65],"also":[66],"industrial":[68],"applications,":[69],"is":[70,101,157,164,187],"relevant":[71],"electricity":[73],"and":[76,98],"conservation":[77],"issues.":[78],"this":[80,108,185],"paper,":[81],"an":[82,152],"improved":[83,104,180],"time-frequency":[84],"analysis-based":[85],"NILM":[86,105,181],"composed":[87],"three":[89],"system":[90],"components,":[91],"including":[92],"data":[93],"acquisition,":[94],"transient":[95,114],"feature":[96,115],"extraction,":[97],"identification,":[100],"proposed.":[102],"The":[103],"proposed":[106,183],"paper":[109,186],"incorporates":[110],"multiresolution":[112],"S-transform-based":[113],"extraction":[116],"scheme":[117],"with":[118],"modified":[120,168],"0-1":[121,169],"multidimensional":[122,170],"knapsack":[123,171],"algorithm-based":[124],"identification":[126,150],"method":[127],"identify":[129],"household":[131],"may":[134],"either":[135],"energized":[137],"simultaneously":[138],"or":[139],"identified":[141],"under":[142],"similar":[143],"real":[144],"power":[145],"consumption.":[146],"For":[147],"process,":[151],"ant":[153],"colony":[154],"optimization":[155],"algorithm":[156],"employed":[158],"perform":[160],"combinatorial":[161],"search":[162],"formulated":[165],"problem.":[172],"As":[173],"shown":[174],"experimental":[177],"results,":[178],"strategy":[182],"confirmed":[188],"feasible.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
