{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2038361731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2238433","title":"Combining Josephson Systems for Spectrally Pure AC Waveforms With Large Amplitudes","display_name":"Combining Josephson Systems for Spectrally Pure AC Waveforms With Large Amplitudes","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2038361731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2238433","mag":"2038361731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2013.2238433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2238433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046206081","display_name":"R. Behr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5480-443X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ralf Behr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000734020","display_name":"Oliver Kieler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-8910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver F. O. Kieler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044821580","display_name":"Detlef Schleubner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Detlef Schleubner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024204686","display_name":"L. Palafox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7663-856X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Palafox","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111880639","display_name":"Franz-Josef Ahlers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285933455","display_name":"Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt","ror":"https://ror.org/05r3f7h03","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455","https://openalex.org/I4210136623"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franz-Josef Ahlers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physikalis\u00f1h-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046206081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285933455"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6009,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90409822,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"6","first_page":"1634","last_page":"1639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9623000025749207,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.8329633474349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.6191209554672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.49976658821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4617725610733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-harmonic-distortion","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","score":0.4220295548439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/josephson-effect","display_name":"Josephson effect","score":0.41301143169403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.41016829013824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3794911205768585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.36230751872062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3284350037574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.32237136363983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.32121750712394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.22871506214141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1945626139640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.17441731691360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.1603013277053833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.8329633474349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.6191209554672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.49976658821105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4617725610733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.4220295548439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12038964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764228","display_name":"Josephson effect","level":3,"score":0.41301143169403076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.41016829013824463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3794911205768585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.36230751872062683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3284350037574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.32237136363983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.32121750712394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.22871506214141846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1945626139640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.17441731691360474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.1603013277053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2013.2238433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2013.2238433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965594562","https://openalex.org/W1969760842","https://openalex.org/W1977457171","https://openalex.org/W2010125457","https://openalex.org/W2023318648","https://openalex.org/W2048445727","https://openalex.org/W2060257765","https://openalex.org/W2069048675","https://openalex.org/W2084848106","https://openalex.org/W2097496066","https://openalex.org/W2115975834","https://openalex.org/W2116044800","https://openalex.org/W2119702009","https://openalex.org/W2121382939","https://openalex.org/W2128269426","https://openalex.org/W2130977120","https://openalex.org/W2136520857","https://openalex.org/W2140713694","https://openalex.org/W2158220284","https://openalex.org/W2165750195","https://openalex.org/W2167465161","https://openalex.org/W2170375577"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4309675538","https://openalex.org/W1560661846","https://openalex.org/W2120687550","https://openalex.org/W2261137807","https://openalex.org/W2548836482","https://openalex.org/W2914177798","https://openalex.org/W2262687327","https://openalex.org/W2039465241","https://openalex.org/W1987403639","https://openalex.org/W2364548625"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,44],"present":[1],"the":[2,28,47,52,56,68,93],"combination":[3],"of":[4,67],"two":[5],"Josephson":[6,38,69],"waveform":[7],"synthesizers":[8],"to":[9,40,50,95],"generate":[10],"waveforms":[11],"with":[12,92],"low":[13],"harmonic":[14,53],"distortion":[15],"[below":[16],"<formula":[17,77],"formulatype=\"inline\"":[18,78],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[19,79],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex":[20,80],"Notation=\"TeX\">$-$</tex></formula>":[21],"110":[22],"dBc":[23],"(carrier)]":[24],"and":[25,32,85,110],"amplitudes":[26,74],"above":[27],"1-V":[29,62],"level.":[30],"Fast":[31],"flexible":[33],"code":[34],"programming":[35],"enables":[36],"pulse-driven":[37,48],"arrays":[39],"synthesize":[41,96],"arbitrary":[42,97],"waveforms.":[43],"have":[45],"used":[46],"system":[49],"cancel":[51],"content":[54],"from":[55],"binary":[57],"array":[58],"that":[59],"can":[60,99],"reach":[61],"amplitudes.":[63],"The":[64],"quantum":[65],"nature":[66],"synthesizer":[70,102],"ensures":[71],"very":[72],"stable":[73],"(better":[75],"than":[76],"Notation=\"TeX\">$6":[81],"\\times":[82],"10^{-8}$</tex></formula>":[83],")":[84],"no":[86],"frequency":[87],"drift.":[88],"This":[89],"performance,":[90],"together":[91],"ability":[94],"waveforms,":[98],"make":[100],"this":[101],"a":[103],"relevant":[104],"tool":[105],"for":[106],"characterizing":[107],"precision":[108],"electronics":[109],"ac":[111],"voltage":[112],"metrology.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}