{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2015960434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2209916","title":"Master Failure Detection Protocol in Internal Synchronization Environment","display_name":"Master Failure Detection Protocol in Internal Synchronization Environment","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2015960434","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2209916","mag":"2015960434"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2012.2209916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2209916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016669256","display_name":"Andrea Bondavalli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7366-6530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Bondavalli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Informatics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Univ. of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Informatics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Univ. of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037394247","display_name":"Francesco Brancati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3624-2354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Brancati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Informatics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Univ. of Florence, Florence, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Informatics, University of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Syst. & Inf., Univ. of Florence, Florence, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087795637","display_name":"Alessandra Flammini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2046-0720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandra Flammini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007335960","display_name":"Stefano Rinaldi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-1053"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Rinaldi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016669256"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93059539,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"62","issue":"1","first_page":"4","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-synchronization","display_name":"Clock synchronization","score":0.7698115706443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronization","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","score":0.721837043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.681879460811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6124662756919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5506927967071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4903142750263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.49011072516441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.474936306476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-point-of-failure","display_name":"Single point of failure","score":0.4431675970554352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39773988723754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.34942519664764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23829564452171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.1812831461429596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129891060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513059","display_name":"Clock synchronization","level":4,"score":0.7698115706443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.721837043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.681879460811615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6124662756919861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5506927967071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4903142750263214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.49011072516441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.474936306476593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165136773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363179","display_name":"Single point of failure","level":2,"score":0.4431675970554352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39773988723754883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.34942519664764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23829564452171326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.1812831461429596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2012.2209916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2209916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/655137","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2158/655137","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/142716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11379/142716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488003815","https://openalex.org/W1557867918","https://openalex.org/W1566366401","https://openalex.org/W1602255390","https://openalex.org/W1973158443","https://openalex.org/W1974176963","https://openalex.org/W2038619423","https://openalex.org/W2055505086","https://openalex.org/W2098158437","https://openalex.org/W2098645860","https://openalex.org/W2102033733","https://openalex.org/W2116791364","https://openalex.org/W2122753206","https://openalex.org/W2124617909","https://openalex.org/W2132586270","https://openalex.org/W2139947645","https://openalex.org/W2164182784","https://openalex.org/W2164463086","https://openalex.org/W2165607928","https://openalex.org/W2166631540","https://openalex.org/W2986769529","https://openalex.org/W6675163352"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130966263","https://openalex.org/W2086405541","https://openalex.org/W1485627940","https://openalex.org/W2131630752","https://openalex.org/W4364360696","https://openalex.org/W100496347","https://openalex.org/W2098739399","https://openalex.org/W2987612943","https://openalex.org/W2283409396","https://openalex.org/W2109501696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,4,8,13,42,79,87,94,120,126,138,168,175,187,196,210,221,254,265,273,277,286,291,305,323,330,333,339,342,351,354,364,369,374,388,391,393,400,404],"last":[2],"decades,":[3],"wide":[5],"advance":[6],"in":[7,58,78,406],"networking":[9],"technologies":[10],"has":[11],"allowed":[12],"development":[14],"of":[15,48,81,123,131,147,167,174,178,186,198,200,223,253,257,259,276,288,290,294,296,307,322,335,341,347,353,368,373,387,390,420],"distributed":[16,53,73,103],"monitoring":[17],"and":[18,44,65,83,99,212,230,251,303,410],"control":[19,80],"systems.":[20,67],"These":[21],"systems":[22,54,74,104],"show":[23],"advantages":[24],"compared":[25],"with":[26,243,285,417],"centralized":[27],"solutions:":[28],"heterogeneous":[29],"nodes":[30,36,340],"can":[31,37,142,235],"be":[32,38,116,143,162,236],"easily":[33,39],"integrated,":[34],"new":[35,207],"added":[40],"to":[41,70,115,118,152,164,183,191,219,238,245,328,362,397,411],"system,":[43],"no":[45],"single":[46],"point":[47,275],"failure.":[49],"For":[50,128,171,279],"these":[51],"reasons,":[52],"have":[55,114],"been":[56],"adopted":[57,77],"different":[59,407],"fields,":[60],"such":[61,107,136],"as":[62,137],"industrial":[63],"automation":[64],"telecommunication":[66],"Recently,":[68],"due":[69,182],"technology":[71],"improvements,":[72],"are":[75],"also":[76],"power-grid":[82],"transport":[84],"systems,":[85,132],"i.e.,":[86],"so-called":[88],"large-scale":[89],"complex":[90],"critical":[91,108],"infrastructures.":[92],"Given":[93],"strict":[95],"safety,":[96],"security,":[97],"reliability,":[98],"real-time":[100],"requirements,":[101],"using":[102],"for":[105,310,314],"controlling":[106],"infrastructure":[109],"demands":[110],"that":[111,264],"adequate":[112],"mechanisms":[113],"established":[117],"share":[119],"same":[121],"notion":[122],"time":[124],"among":[125,337],"nodes.":[127,202],"this":[129,280,282,348],"class":[130],"a":[133,179,184,206,308,319,384,418],"synchronization":[134,148,199,224,316,336,355],"protocol,":[135,392],"IEEE":[139,260,297],"1588":[140,261,298],"standard,":[141],"adopted.":[144],"This":[145,232,300],"type":[146],"protocol":[149,309],"was":[150,228],"designed":[151,218],"achieve":[153],"very":[154],"precise":[155],"clock":[156,214],"synchronization,":[157],"but":[158],"it":[159,379],"may":[160],"not":[161],"sufficient":[163],"ensure":[165],"safety":[166],"entire":[169],"system.":[170,278,343],"example,":[172],"instability":[173],"local":[176,370],"oscillator":[177],"reference":[180,266,292,375],"node,":[181,267],"failure":[185,258,312],"node":[188,371],"itself":[189],"or":[190,372],"malicious":[192],"attacks,":[193],"could":[194],"influence":[195],"quality":[197,222,334],"all":[201,338,399],"In":[203,377],"recent":[204],"years,":[205],"software":[208,325],"clock,":[209],"reliable":[211],"self-aware":[213],"(R&SAClock),":[215],"which":[216,268,357],"is":[217,269,272,358,380,395],"estimate":[220],"through":[225,383],"statistical":[226,233],"analysis,":[227],"developed":[229],"tested.":[231],"instrument":[234],"used":[237],"identify":[239,413],"any":[240],"anomalous":[241,365],"conditions":[242,409],"respect":[244],"normal":[246],"behavior.":[247],"A":[248],"careful":[249],"analysis":[250],"classification":[252],"main":[255],"points":[256],"standard":[262],"suggests":[263],"called":[270],"master,":[271],"weak":[274],"reason,":[281],"paper":[283,301],"deals":[284],"detection":[287,313],"faults":[289],"node(s)":[293],"an":[295],"setup.":[299],"describes":[302],"evaluates":[304],"design":[306],"timing":[311],"internal":[315],"based":[317],"on":[318,332,403,415],"revised":[320],"version":[321],"R&SAClock":[324],"suitably":[326],"modified":[327],"cross-exploit":[329],"information":[331],"The":[344],"experimental":[345,408],"evaluation":[346],"approach":[349],"confirms":[350],"capability":[352],"uncertainty,":[356],"provided":[359],"by":[360],"R&SAClock,":[361],"reveal":[363],"behaviors":[366],"either":[367],"node.":[376],"fact,":[378],"shown":[381],"that,":[382],"proper":[385],"configuration":[386],"parameters":[389],"system":[394],"able":[396],"detect":[398],"failures":[401,414],"injected":[402],"master":[405],"correctly":[412],"slaves":[416],"probability":[419],"87%.":[421]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
