{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1981292083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2192349","title":"Using Adaptive Thresholding and Skewness Correction to Detect Gray Areas in Melanoma In Situ Images","display_name":"Using Adaptive Thresholding and Skewness Correction to Detect Gray Areas in Melanoma In Situ Images","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1981292083","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2192349","mag":"1981292083"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2012.2192349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2192349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075821385","display_name":"Gianluca Sforza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4776-9197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gianluca Sforza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, Bari, Italy","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. degli Studi Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. degli Studi Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050227787","display_name":"Giovanna Castellano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6489-8628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","display_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","ror":"https://ror.org/027ynra39","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanna Castellano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, Bari, Italy","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. degli Studi Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi \u201cAldo Moro\u201d, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. degli Studi Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097143240","display_name":"Sai Krishna Arika","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87547150","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Edwardsville","ror":"https://ror.org/04cqs5j56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801502357","https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sai Krishna Arika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87547150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020647393","display_name":"Robert LeAnder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87547150","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Edwardsville","ror":"https://ror.org/04cqs5j56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801502357","https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert W. LeAnder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87547150"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Southern Illinois Univ., Edwardsville, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87547150"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020767102","display_name":"R. Joe Stanley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Joe Stanley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Missouri Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rolla, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri S&T, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Missouri Univ. of Sci. & Technol., Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021728963","display_name":"William V. Stoecker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4863-3483"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William V. Stoecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stoecker & Associates, Rolla, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stoecker & Associates, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075971377","display_name":"Jason Hagerty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-4636"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason R. Hagerty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stoecker & Associates, Rolla, MO, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stoecker & Associates, Rolla, MO, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075821385"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4459,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6443872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"7","first_page":"1839","last_page":"1847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11569","display_name":"Optical Coherence Tomography Applications","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.8557043075561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.8134945034980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7598015069961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6066234111785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balanced-histogram-thresholding","display_name":"Balanced histogram thresholding","score":0.6030582785606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.5765385031700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5622581839561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5601783990859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gray","display_name":"Gray (unit)","score":0.4111681282520294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram-equalization","display_name":"Histogram equalization","score":0.32903242111206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.15634649991989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.06440576910972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.061096012592315674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.8557043075561523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.8134945034980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7598015069961548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6066234111785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202577368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576067","display_name":"Balanced histogram thresholding","level":5,"score":0.6030582785606384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.5765385031700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5622581839561462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5601783990859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166275286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190095","display_name":"Gray (unit)","level":2,"score":0.4111681282520294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136943445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1970240","display_name":"Histogram equalization","level":4,"score":0.32903242111206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.15634649991989136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.06440576910972595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.061096012592315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2012.2192349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2192349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ricerca.uniba.it:11586/59881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11586/59881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196296","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Bari Aldo Moro)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I5561750","host_organization_name":"University of Bari Aldo Moro","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5561750"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W15394667","https://openalex.org/W94037345","https://openalex.org/W125325519","https://openalex.org/W1528762290","https://openalex.org/W1547714734","https://openalex.org/W1565276921","https://openalex.org/W1928755576","https://openalex.org/W1964215413","https://openalex.org/W1970302963","https://openalex.org/W1970800786","https://openalex.org/W1971277865","https://openalex.org/W1972544340","https://openalex.org/W1972911024","https://openalex.org/W1978818813","https://openalex.org/W1979593580","https://openalex.org/W1980621031","https://openalex.org/W1984790258","https://openalex.org/W1987645363","https://openalex.org/W1993782503","https://openalex.org/W1993806408","https://openalex.org/W2004297916","https://openalex.org/W2006921911","https://openalex.org/W2021422668","https://openalex.org/W2021447134","https://openalex.org/W2027091505","https://openalex.org/W2027782395","https://openalex.org/W2028140761","https://openalex.org/W2037178857","https://openalex.org/W2041022299","https://openalex.org/W2060997616","https://openalex.org/W2075334998","https://openalex.org/W2078806363","https://openalex.org/W2082647352","https://openalex.org/W2083213770","https://openalex.org/W2083601800","https://openalex.org/W2083970667","https://openalex.org/W2086087329","https://openalex.org/W2088153786","https://openalex.org/W2090550165","https://openalex.org/W2098302732","https://openalex.org/W2100234623","https://openalex.org/W2115235609","https://openalex.org/W2115528771","https://openalex.org/W2116705662","https://openalex.org/W2120306730","https://openalex.org/W2132725786","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133774886","https://openalex.org/W2134258345","https://openalex.org/W2137654655","https://openalex.org/W2142259554","https://openalex.org/W2143440513","https://openalex.org/W2151281402","https://openalex.org/W2153119832","https://openalex.org/W2163568480","https://openalex.org/W2163612361","https://openalex.org/W2165489430","https://openalex.org/W2170249894","https://openalex.org/W2171726041","https://openalex.org/W2534467061","https://openalex.org/W2986132491","https://openalex.org/W4245100975","https://openalex.org/W4252813286","https://openalex.org/W6632729973","https://openalex.org/W6685047876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990592446","https://openalex.org/W2032558130","https://openalex.org/W2353864504","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W4248730019","https://openalex.org/W2461888822","https://openalex.org/W2113070050","https://openalex.org/W2387104004","https://openalex.org/W2147223569","https://openalex.org/W2408743214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,91],"incidence":[1],"of":[2,25,46,54,60],"melanoma":[3],"in":[4,72,116],"situ":[5],"(MIS)":[6],"is":[7,30,114,121],"growing":[8],"significantly.":[9],"Detection":[10],"at":[11],"the":[12,16,132],"MIS":[13,26,55,96],"stage":[14],"provides":[15],"highest":[17],"cure":[18],"rate":[19],"for":[20,83],"melanoma,":[21],"but":[22,57],"reliable":[23],"detection":[24,45,59,134],"with":[27],"dermoscopy":[28],"alone":[29],"not":[31],"yet":[32],"possible.":[33],"Adjunct":[34],"dermoscopic":[35,97],"instrumentation":[36],"using":[37],"digital":[38],"image":[39,163],"analysis":[40,113],"may":[41,156],"allow":[42],"more":[43],"accurate":[44],"MIS.":[47,90,107],"Gray":[48],"areas":[49,62,68,87],"are":[50,69],"a":[51,78,138],"critical":[52],"component":[53],"diagnosis,":[56],"automatic":[58],"these":[61],"remains":[63],"difficult":[64],"because":[65],"similar":[66],"gray":[67,86,102],"also":[70],"found":[71],"benign":[73],"lesions.":[74],"This":[75],"paper":[76],"proposes":[77],"novel":[79],"adaptive":[80,149],"thresholding":[81,150],"technique":[82,141],"automatically":[84],"detecting":[85],"specific":[88,105],"to":[89,99,106,127,159],"proposed":[92],"model":[93],"uses":[94],"only":[95],"images":[98],"precisely":[100],"determine":[101],"area":[103,164],"characteristics":[104],"To":[108],"this":[109],"aim,":[110],"statistical":[111,154],"histogram":[112,130,144,153],"employed":[115],"multiple":[117],"color":[118,133],"spaces.":[119],"It":[120],"demonstrated":[122],"that":[123,142],"skew":[124,139],"deviation":[125],"due":[126],"an":[128],"asymmetric":[129],"distorts":[131],"process.":[135],"We":[136],"introduce":[137],"estimation":[140],"enables":[143],"asymmetry":[145],"correction":[146],"facilitating":[147],"improved":[148],"results.":[151],"These":[152],"methods":[155],"be":[157],"extended":[158],"detect":[160],"any":[161],"local":[162],"defined":[165],"by":[166],"histograms.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
