{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041538396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2183032","title":"Passive Millimeter-Wave Dual-Polarization Imagers","display_name":"Passive Millimeter-Wave Dual-Polarization Imagers","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041538396","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2183032","mag":"2041538396"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2012.2183032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2183032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080246526","display_name":"Shaolin Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4432-3448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaolin Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023229296","display_name":"N. Gopalsami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nachappa Gopalsami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016787038","display_name":"Thomas W. Elmer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-5928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas W. Elmer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003384709","display_name":"Eugene R. Koehl","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene R. Koehl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038301956","display_name":"Alexander Heifetz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8891-9323"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Heifetz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097228956","display_name":"Keenan Avers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keenan Avers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys., Univ. of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068371962","display_name":"Eric A. Dieckman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Dieckman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","Dept. of Phys., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Phys., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109435235","display_name":"A.C. Raptis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Apostolos C. Raptis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Argonne Nat. Lab., Argonne, IL, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7187,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85618566,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"7","first_page":"2042","last_page":"2050"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11803","display_name":"Superconducting and THz Device Technology","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.7422770261764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-polarization-interferometry","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","score":0.6667712330818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiometer","display_name":"Radiometer","score":0.6502159237861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6089068055152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.552487850189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4977734386920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.4947039783000946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.48374223709106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/millimeter","display_name":"Millimeter","score":0.46672478318214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-transfer","display_name":"Radiative transfer","score":0.4637629985809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.426434725522995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.3561122417449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20226290822029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1845259964466095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16786375641822815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.7422770261764526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161926555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3799470","display_name":"Dual-polarization interferometry","level":3,"score":0.6667712330818176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120189094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850281","display_name":"Radiometer","level":2,"score":0.6502159237861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6089068055152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.552487850189209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4977734386920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.4947039783000946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.48374223709106445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109792285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174789","display_name":"Millimeter","level":2,"score":0.46672478318214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.4637629985809326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.426434725522995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.3561122417449951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20226290822029114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1845259964466095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16786375641822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2012.2183032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2012.2183032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1524573041","https://openalex.org/W1557312657","https://openalex.org/W1637248278","https://openalex.org/W1658472922","https://openalex.org/W1971527444","https://openalex.org/W1983348509","https://openalex.org/W1986778675","https://openalex.org/W1995905135","https://openalex.org/W2011903748","https://openalex.org/W2014448200","https://openalex.org/W2046630960","https://openalex.org/W2065175246","https://openalex.org/W2065579036","https://openalex.org/W2084003966","https://openalex.org/W2135184239","https://openalex.org/W2137486291","https://openalex.org/W2141099472","https://openalex.org/W2153816619"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150564845","https://openalex.org/W2317169686","https://openalex.org/W1584505756","https://openalex.org/W1185324648","https://openalex.org/W2539553997","https://openalex.org/W3159902002","https://openalex.org/W2358765537","https://openalex.org/W3208155863","https://openalex.org/W2363237216","https://openalex.org/W2033762247"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,59],"have":[1],"developed":[2],"two":[3],"passive":[4],"millimeter-wave":[5],"imagers":[6],"for":[7],"terrestrial":[8],"remote":[9],"sensing:":[10],"one":[11],"is":[12,33,48],"an":[13],"integrated":[14],"imaging":[15,37,44,57],"and":[16,30,71,84],"spectroscopy":[17],"system":[18],"in":[19,39,45],"the":[20,31,40,61,75,98,102],"146-154-GHz":[21],"range":[22],"with":[23,90],"16":[24],"channels":[25],"of":[26,52,64,101],"500-MHz":[27],"bandwidth":[28],"each,":[29],"other":[32],"a":[34,53],"single-channel":[35],"dual-polarized":[36],"radiometer":[38],"70-100-GHz":[41],"range.":[42],"The":[43],"both":[46,74],"systems":[47,76],"implemented":[49],"through":[50],"translation":[51],"15-cm":[54],"Gaussian":[55],"dielectric":[56],"lens.":[58],"compared":[60],"outdoor":[62],"images":[63],"objects":[65],"such":[66],"as":[67],"car,":[68],"vegetation,":[69],"sky,":[70],"ground":[72],"by":[73],"under":[77],"various":[78],"weather":[79],"conditions,":[80],"including":[81],"clear,":[82],"cloudy,":[83],"rainy":[85],"times.":[86],"A":[87],"ray-tracing":[88],"simulation":[89],"radiative":[91],"transfer":[92],"equation":[93],"was":[94],"used":[95],"to":[96],"quantify":[97],"polarization":[99],"diversity":[100],"acquired":[103],"images.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
