{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2074974896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2174111","title":"Two-Iris Method for the Electromagnetic Characterization of Conductor-Backed Absorbing Materials Using an Open-Ended Waveguide Probe","display_name":"Two-Iris Method for the Electromagnetic Characterization of Conductor-Backed Absorbing Materials Using an Open-Ended Waveguide Probe","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2074974896","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2174111","mag":"2074974896"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2174111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2174111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051671771","display_name":"Gary D. Dester","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343953105","display_name":"General Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05pyq8e17","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343953105"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gary D. Dester","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Inc., Ypsilanti, MI, USA","[General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Ypsilanti, MI, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Inc., Ypsilanti, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343953105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Ypsilanti, MI, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343953105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014261456","display_name":"Edward J. Rothwell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward J. Rothwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012196419","display_name":"Michael J. Havrilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-0658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55061410","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03f9f1d95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294991024","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2802362820","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Havrilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, OH, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Air Force Inst. of Technol., Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55061410"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051671771"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343953105"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1196,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88147717,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"4","first_page":"1037","last_page":"1044"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.671877920627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide","display_name":"Waveguide","score":0.6264513731002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection-coefficient","display_name":"Reflection coefficient","score":0.5890281200408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5715230107307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.5692842602729797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conductor","display_name":"Conductor","score":0.5011093616485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.47956007719039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.47749659419059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.4158553183078766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.31235629320144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19677811861038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.18875384330749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.1547967791557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12327045202255249}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.671877920627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.6264513731002808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41700454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852282","display_name":"Reflection coefficient","level":2,"score":0.5890281200408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5715230107307434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5692842602729797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34800285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159395","display_name":"Conductor","level":2,"score":0.5011093616485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.47956007719039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.47749659419059753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4158553183078766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.31235629320144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19677811861038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.18875384330749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.1547967791557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12327045202255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2174111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2174111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1482715788","https://openalex.org/W1538889225","https://openalex.org/W1584944013","https://openalex.org/W1964386634","https://openalex.org/W1973491640","https://openalex.org/W2023412501","https://openalex.org/W2035782587","https://openalex.org/W2057419199","https://openalex.org/W2103833585","https://openalex.org/W2148438488","https://openalex.org/W2151224241","https://openalex.org/W2171388839","https://openalex.org/W3008709376","https://openalex.org/W3017538320","https://openalex.org/W3022995300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253468152","https://openalex.org/W4313519086","https://openalex.org/W2475977221","https://openalex.org/W2390075905","https://openalex.org/W1821346420","https://openalex.org/W4313547091","https://openalex.org/W2348857543","https://openalex.org/W2389321785","https://openalex.org/W2151846605","https://openalex.org/W1928752896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,17],"two-iris":[1,161],"waveguide-probe":[2],"technique":[3],"is":[4,22,33,40,49,54,90,124],"introduced":[5],"for":[6],"measuring":[7],"the":[8,25,30,44,47,52,61,64,70,74,79,88,102,117,128,138,157,160],"electromagnetic":[9],"properties":[10],"of":[11,46,63,72,78,149,159],"a":[12,93,98,108,145,150],"lossy":[13],"conductor-backed":[14],"material":[15,26,155],"layer.":[16],"flanged":[18],"open-ended":[19],"rectangular":[20],"waveguide":[21,48,103,118],"applied":[23],"to":[24,86,132,141],"under":[27,35],"test,":[28],"and":[29,76,104,135],"reflected":[31],"signal":[32],"measured":[34,42,55],"two":[36,67],"conditions.":[37],"The":[38,81,120],"reflection":[39,53,83],"first":[41],"when":[43],"aperture":[45,62],"unobstructed;":[50],"then,":[51],"with":[56,107],"an":[57],"iris":[58,105,122],"placed":[59],"in":[60,101],"guide.":[65],"These":[66],"measurements":[68],"allow":[69],"extraction":[71,89],"both":[73],"permittivity":[75],"permeability":[77],"material.":[80],"theoretical":[82],"coefficient":[84],"necessary":[85],"perform":[87],"obtained":[91],"using":[92,113,144],"rigorous":[94],"full-wave":[95],"approach":[96],"combining":[97],"modal":[99],"expansion":[100],"regions":[106],"magnetic-field":[109],"integral":[110],"equation":[111],"formed":[112],"equivalent":[114],"currents":[115],"at":[116],"aperture.":[119],"optimum":[121],"size":[123],"determined":[125],"by":[126,136],"minimizing":[127],"propagated":[129],"error":[130],"due":[131],"instrumentation":[133],"uncertainty":[134],"comparing":[137],"extracted":[139],"parameters":[140],"those":[142],"found":[143],"two-thickness":[146],"method.":[147],"Measurements":[148],"commercially":[151],"available":[152],"magnetic":[153],"radar-absorbing":[154],"demonstrate":[156],"feasibility":[158],"approach.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
