{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968231158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2170916","title":"Analysis, Enhancement, and Sensitivity Improvement of the Correlation Image Sensor","display_name":"Analysis, Enhancement, and Sensitivity Improvement of the Correlation Image Sensor","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968231158","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2170916","mag":"1968231158"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2170916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2170916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081419226","display_name":"Mehdi Habibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-5030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39268498","display_name":"University of Isfahan","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9t7759","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Habibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan , Iran","Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng., Univ. of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081419226"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39268498"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2703,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58989653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"3","first_page":"708","last_page":"718"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11449","display_name":"Mechanical and Optical Resonators","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.7856965065002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.6863166093826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.5744218230247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.5546149015426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5035068392753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.49389344453811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.46613284945487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.42576587200164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4255896210670471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4010107219219208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3486124277114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3315209746360779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29766708612442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25828999280929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.16090083122253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11265870928764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10893583297729492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.7856965065002441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6863166093826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.5744218230247498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.5546149015426636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5035068392753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.49389344453811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.46613284945487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.42576587200164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4255896210670471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4010107219219208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3486124277114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3315209746360779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29766708612442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25828999280929565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.16090083122253418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11265870928764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10893583297729492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2170916","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2170916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7099999785423279}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967058922","https://openalex.org/W1990138130","https://openalex.org/W2002809534","https://openalex.org/W2020195524","https://openalex.org/W2027586325","https://openalex.org/W2034724877","https://openalex.org/W2060918463","https://openalex.org/W2073749126","https://openalex.org/W2074926834","https://openalex.org/W2080433909","https://openalex.org/W2103962573","https://openalex.org/W2106051198","https://openalex.org/W2115326651","https://openalex.org/W2120267265","https://openalex.org/W2121817125","https://openalex.org/W2131010094","https://openalex.org/W2138999992","https://openalex.org/W2145926205","https://openalex.org/W2145964752","https://openalex.org/W2153272922","https://openalex.org/W2157142238","https://openalex.org/W2167015412","https://openalex.org/W2534247915","https://openalex.org/W2983630138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114367482","https://openalex.org/W4385733096","https://openalex.org/W2160828022","https://openalex.org/W2136888551","https://openalex.org/W1966415111","https://openalex.org/W2129163123","https://openalex.org/W2562583481","https://openalex.org/W2139639880","https://openalex.org/W2058488758","https://openalex.org/W2028348614"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,110,124],"correlation":[1],"image":[2],"sensor":[3],"(CIS)":[4],"is":[5,58,63,100,114,143],"used":[6,150],"in":[7],"a":[8,137,158],"variety":[9],"of":[10,18,32,52,55,84],"applications":[11,26],"which":[12],"involve":[13],"the":[14,50,56,66,146],"extraction":[15],"and":[16,40,60,77,97,102],"measurement":[17,31],"low-amplitude-modulated":[19],"light":[20],"signals":[21],"from":[22],"background":[23,160],"interferences.":[24],"Many":[25],"have":[27],"been":[28],"reported":[29],"on":[30],"ac":[33],"magnetic":[34],"flux,":[35],"interferometry,":[36],"eye":[37],"gaze":[38],"tracking,":[39],"indirect":[41],"3-D":[42],"imaging":[43],"using":[44,136],"these":[45],"sensors.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"performance":[51],"different":[53],"derivatives":[54],"CIS":[57,67],"analyzed,":[59],"some":[61],"modification":[62],"applied":[64],"to":[65,68,107,117,121,151],"significantly":[69],"increase":[70],"its":[71,79],"sensitivity":[72],"at":[73],"higher":[74],"frame":[75],"rates":[76],"reduce":[78,108],"output":[80],"error.":[81],"effect":[83],"undesired":[85],"parameters,":[86],"such":[87],"as":[88],"parasitic":[89],"capacitances,":[90],"device":[91],"mismatches,":[92],"charge":[93],"transfers,":[94],"random":[95],"noise,":[96],"temperature":[98],"variations,":[99],"studied,":[101],"modified":[103],"architectures":[104],"are":[105,127],"proposed":[106],"them.":[109],"maximum":[111],"demodulation":[112],"frequency":[113],"also":[115],"shown":[116,144],"be":[118,149],"increased":[119],"compared":[120,128],"original":[122],"CIS.":[123],"presented":[125],"designs":[126,147],"with":[129],"previous":[130],"solutions":[131],"under":[132],"similar":[133],"operating":[134],"conditions":[135],"0.35-\u03bcm":[138],"standard":[139],"CMOS":[140],"technology.":[141],"It":[142],"that":[145],"can":[148],"detect":[152],"lower":[153],"modulated":[154],"signal":[155],"levels":[156],"over":[157],"wider":[159],"dynamic":[161],"range.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}