{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2121049048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2132190","title":"Allan Variance Analysis of Josephson Voltage Standard Comparison for Data Taken at Unequal Time Intervals","display_name":"Allan Variance Analysis of Josephson Voltage Standard Comparison for Data Taken at Unequal Time Intervals","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2121049048","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2132190","mag":"2121049048"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2132190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2132190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064231652","display_name":"Yi-hua Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3754-5293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi-hua Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","Nat. Inst. of Stand. & Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Inst. of Stand. & Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086628612","display_name":"S Solve","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9949-0254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I883101600","display_name":"Bureau international des poids et mesures","ror":"https://ror.org/055vkyj43","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"St\u00e9phane Solve","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Sevres, France","Bur. Int. des Poids et Mesures, Se\u0301vres, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Sevres, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bur. Int. des Poids et Mesures, Se\u0301vres, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113872488","display_name":"Thomas J. Witt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I883101600","display_name":"Bureau international des poids et mesures","ror":"https://ror.org/055vkyj43","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. Witt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Sevres, France","Bur. Int. des Poids et Mesures, Se\u0301vres, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Sevres, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bur. Int. des Poids et Mesures, Se\u0301vres, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I883101600"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064231652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89620468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"7","first_page":"2248","last_page":"2254"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11890","display_name":"Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11434","display_name":"Electrochemical Analysis and Applications","score":0.9779000282287598,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1603","display_name":"Electrochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allan-variance","display_name":"Allan variance","score":0.9493781328201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standard-deviation","display_name":"Standard deviation","score":0.6828932762145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-noise","display_name":"White noise","score":0.6501484513282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5402834415435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.5291968584060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.527445375919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.42309510707855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3833962082862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.20888420939445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08559182286262512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5722023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440227","display_name":"Allan variance","level":3,"score":0.9493781328201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.6828932762145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112633086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381287","display_name":"White noise","level":2,"score":0.6501484513282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5402834415435791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5291968584060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.527445375919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.42309510707855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3833962082862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.20888420939445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08559182286262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2011.2132190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2011.2132190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332178","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984163185","https://openalex.org/W1996894524","https://openalex.org/W2024188092","https://openalex.org/W2098643728","https://openalex.org/W2116044800","https://openalex.org/W2127178462","https://openalex.org/W2136352142","https://openalex.org/W2137650458","https://openalex.org/W2970847021","https://openalex.org/W4253222568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2755914447","https://openalex.org/W2010494064","https://openalex.org/W2961042468","https://openalex.org/W4366978720","https://openalex.org/W2383411365","https://openalex.org/W2167190283","https://openalex.org/W2347970421","https://openalex.org/W2203029699","https://openalex.org/W2993948563","https://openalex.org/W2015660387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stochastic":[0],"serial":[1],"correlations":[2],"are":[3],"often":[4,26],"ignored":[5],"in":[6,89],"the":[7,19,23,44,49,53,63,98,101,105,130,136,142,151,161,189],"statistical":[8],"uncertainty":[9],"(Type":[10],"A)":[11],"analysis":[12,60],"of":[13,22,52,55,58,71,91,97,100,108,132,178,198,202],"measurement":[14,213],"values.":[15],"For":[16],"repeated":[17,109],"measurements,":[18],"standard":[20,45],"deviation":[21,46,191],"mean":[24],"is":[25,34,41,85,163],"used":[27],"to":[28,87,174,192,210],"specify":[29],"Type-A":[30,72],"uncertainty,":[31,73],"but":[32,74],"it":[33,40],"frequently":[35],"underestimated":[36],"by":[37,43,48,138,167],"assuming":[38],"that":[39],"given":[42],"divided":[47],"square":[50],"root":[51],"number":[54,107],"measurements.":[56,82,110],"Methods":[57],"time-series":[59],"such":[61],"as":[62,150],"Allan":[64,190],"variance":[65],"(Avar)":[66],"formalism":[67],"give":[68],"realistic":[69],"estimates":[70],"they":[75],"require":[76],"equal":[77],"time":[78,123,148],"intervals":[79,124,149],"between":[80],"successive":[81],"This":[83],"requirement":[84],"difficult":[86],"satisfy":[88],"comparisons":[90],"Josephson":[92],"voltage":[93,102],"standards":[94],"(JVSs)":[95],"because":[96],"instability":[99],"steps":[103],"and":[104,146,180],"small":[106],"A":[111],"JVS":[112,159],"comparison":[113],"was":[114,172],"made":[115],"using":[116],"a":[117,176],"completely":[118],"automatic":[119],"compact":[120],"JVS.":[121],"The":[122,170,186,200],"were":[125],"uneven;":[126],"thus,":[127],"we":[128],"studied":[129],"effect":[131],"their":[133],"irregularity":[134],"on":[135],"Avar":[137,162],"simulating":[139,203],"data":[140,204],"having":[141],"same":[143],"noise":[144,171],"model":[145],"uneven":[147,168],"measured":[152],"data.":[153],"We":[154],"found":[155,173],"that,":[156],"for":[157],"this":[158,205],"comparison,":[160],"only":[164],"slightly":[165],"affected":[166],"intervals.":[169],"be":[175,208],"mixture":[177],"white":[179],"1/":[181],"<i":[182],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[183],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">f</i>":[184],"noise.":[185],"latter":[187],"limits":[188],"0.64":[193],"nV":[194],"after":[195],"14.3":[196],"h":[197],"measurement.":[199],"method":[201],"way":[206],"should":[207],"applicable":[209],"other":[211],"complex":[212],"situations.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
