{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112836787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2086830","title":"UWB Free-Space Characterization and Shape Recognition of Dielectric Objects Using Statistical Methods","display_name":"UWB Free-Space Characterization and Shape Recognition of Dielectric Objects Using Statistical Methods","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112836787","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2086830","mag":"2112836787"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2086830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2086830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066758743","display_name":"Henning Mextorf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Kiel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Henning Mextorf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany","[Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061538465","display_name":"F. Daschner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6448-6914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Kiel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank Daschner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany","[Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028464732","display_name":"Mike Kent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3549-3808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Kiel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mike Kent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany","[Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014845298","display_name":"R. Kn\u00f6chel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7882-7396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32021983","display_name":"Kiel University","ror":"https://ror.org/04v76ef78","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinhard H. Knochel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany","[Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Microwave Group, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066758743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32021983"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5172,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94207188,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"4","first_page":"1389","last_page":"1396"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.7576035261154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.5147726535797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.49253901839256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-discriminant-analysis","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","score":0.4534643888473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.4526876211166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4290919899940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-wideband","display_name":"Ultra-wideband","score":0.4276789128780365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4059472680091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3672359585762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3352685868740082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24183371663093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.22101128101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.16066017746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13446980714797974}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.7576035261154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5147726535797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.49253901839256287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1228929","display_name":"Linear discriminant analysis","level":2,"score":0.4534643888473511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.4526876211166382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4290919899940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21916231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851424","display_name":"Ultra-wideband","level":2,"score":0.4276789128780365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4059472680091858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3672359585762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3352685868740082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24183371663093567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.22101128101348877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.16066017746925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13446980714797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2086830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2086830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W242257288","https://openalex.org/W1534002614","https://openalex.org/W1558920658","https://openalex.org/W1761337995","https://openalex.org/W1965340489","https://openalex.org/W1990072394","https://openalex.org/W2004476263","https://openalex.org/W2026723721","https://openalex.org/W2095107693","https://openalex.org/W2131273085","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2134498435","https://openalex.org/W2159431200","https://openalex.org/W2317866228","https://openalex.org/W2511353375","https://openalex.org/W2748151992","https://openalex.org/W6631688504","https://openalex.org/W6633605442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107994849","https://openalex.org/W4247143848","https://openalex.org/W2009883749","https://openalex.org/W2735573198","https://openalex.org/W29442446","https://openalex.org/W2250488071","https://openalex.org/W2356150353","https://openalex.org/W2018643641","https://openalex.org/W2380744779","https://openalex.org/W2896904446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,54,134],"novel":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6,106],"the":[7,27,36,40,49,67,74,76,79,86,100,111,118,122,140],"free-space":[8],"characterization":[9],"and":[10,20,78,115,131],"shape":[11],"recognition":[12],"of":[13,26,35,39,63,85,113,121,127,146],"dielectric":[14,80,101,119],"objects":[15,30,50,123,141],"using":[16],"multivariate":[17],"calibration":[18],"methods":[19],"linear":[21],"discriminant":[22],"analysis.":[23],"The":[24],"dimensions":[25],"variously":[28],"shaped":[29],"are":[31,104],"comparable":[32],"with":[33],"some":[34],"transmitted":[37],"wavelengths":[38],"ultra-wideband":[41],"(UWB)":[42],"time-domain":[43],"pulses":[44,69],"used.":[45],"A":[46],"system":[47],"illuminating":[48],"under":[51,124],"test":[52],"by":[53],"subnanosecond":[55],"UWB":[56],"pulse":[57],"has":[58],"been":[59],"built.":[60],"An":[61],"array":[62],"receiving":[64],"antennas":[65],"receives":[66],"scattered":[68],"that":[70],"contain":[71],"information":[72],"about":[73],"shape,":[75,129],"size,":[77,130],"or":[81,117],"related":[82],"material":[83],"properties":[84],"objects.":[87],"Multivariate":[88],"analysis":[89],"is":[90,137],"applied":[91],"to":[92,99],"separate":[93],"geometric":[94],"effects":[95],"from":[96],"those":[97],"due":[98],"properties.":[102],"Results":[103],"shown":[105],"two":[107],"measurement":[108],"series":[109],"determining":[110],"amount":[112],"carbon":[114],"weight":[116],"constant":[120],"test,":[125],"independent":[126,145],"their":[128],"orientation.":[132],"Furthermore,":[133],"classification":[135],"algorithm":[136],"applied,":[138],"separating":[139],"into":[142],"geometrical":[143],"classes":[144],"all":[147],"other":[148],"varied":[149],"parameters.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
