{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2010786437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2078330","title":"Detection of Ships in Marine Environments by Square Integration Mode and Multilayer Perceptrons","display_name":"Detection of Ships in Marine Environments by Square Integration Mode and Multilayer Perceptrons","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2010786437","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2078330","mag":"2010786437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2078330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2078330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112659790","display_name":"Ra\u00fal Vicen-Bueno","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ra\u00fal Vicen-Bueno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019147231","display_name":"Ruben Carrasco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0428-0698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rub\u00e9n Carrasco-Alvarez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081799894","display_name":"Mar\u00eda-Pilar Jarabo-Amores","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5841-6613"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Pilar Jarabo-Amores","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006339091","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Nieto Borge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3158-3822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Carlos Nieto-Borge","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040465945","display_name":"Enrique Alexandre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1299-2345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189268942","display_name":"Universidad de Alcal\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/04pmn0e78","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enrique Alexandre-Cortizo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Alcal\u00e1, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Signal Theor. & Commun., Univ. of Alcala, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189268942"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0452,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91700393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"3","first_page":"712","last_page":"724"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.8597649931907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.7999954223632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.7225740551948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7051915526390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5547906160354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5239934325218201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.5145601630210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-and-integration","display_name":"Time delay and integration","score":0.4305272698402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42320311069488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41365063190460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3386574387550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2675933539867401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.18516284227371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11045587062835693}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.8597649931907654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.7999954223632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.7225740551948547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7051915526390076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5547906160354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5239934325218201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5145601630210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96566525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805282","display_name":"Time delay and integration","level":2,"score":0.4305272698402405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42320311069488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41365063190460205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3386574387550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2675933539867401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.18516284227371216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11045587062835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2078330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2078330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537106939","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1595498733","https://openalex.org/W1998673396","https://openalex.org/W2002096058","https://openalex.org/W2011848618","https://openalex.org/W2033704656","https://openalex.org/W2050837235","https://openalex.org/W2059847218","https://openalex.org/W2075862372","https://openalex.org/W2099630781","https://openalex.org/W2108002527","https://openalex.org/W2108038857","https://openalex.org/W2108511354","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2125380760","https://openalex.org/W2125752710","https://openalex.org/W2139072761","https://openalex.org/W2141278204","https://openalex.org/W2141390185","https://openalex.org/W2146825033","https://openalex.org/W2156019871","https://openalex.org/W2159940764","https://openalex.org/W2165696716","https://openalex.org/W3023540311","https://openalex.org/W4388297464","https://openalex.org/W6678813001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983393909","https://openalex.org/W2040150569","https://openalex.org/W2468095590","https://openalex.org/W2132174924","https://openalex.org/W2076543106","https://openalex.org/W1911540634","https://openalex.org/W2013909972","https://openalex.org/W2523437662","https://openalex.org/W89844371","https://openalex.org/W2019891950"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"method":[2],"for":[3],"detecting":[4],"ships":[5],"in":[6,11,20,100,119,139,182],"marine":[7,22,30,184],"environments":[8],"is":[9,32,37,71,86,89,115,147,176],"presented":[10],"this":[12,15],"paper.":[13],"For":[14],"purpose,":[16],"the":[17,21,44,47,50,54,79,105,125,132,136,141,172,183],"information":[18,51],"contained":[19],"images":[23,55],"obtained":[24],"by":[25,39],"a":[26,64,92,101],"measuring":[27],"and":[28,155,157],"monitoring":[29],"system":[31],"used.":[33],"The":[34,122,163],"ship":[35],"detection":[36,74],"done":[38],"multilayer":[40],"perceptrons":[41],"(MLPs).":[42],"In":[43],"first":[45],"approach,":[46],"MLP":[48],"processes":[49],"extracted":[52],"from":[53],"using":[56],"horizontal":[57],"or":[58],"vertical":[59],"integration":[60,69,84,174],"modes.":[61],"However,":[62],"if":[63],"suitable":[65],"combination":[66],"of":[67,81,124,127,152,160],"these":[68],"modes":[70,96],"done,":[72],"better":[73],"performances":[75,126],"are":[76,97],"achieved.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"use":[80],"an":[82],"improved":[83],"mode":[85,175],"proposed,":[87],"which":[88,114],"based":[90,148],"on":[91,149],"square":[93,173],"shape.":[94],"These":[95],"also":[98,166],"used":[99,103],"commonly":[102],"detector,":[104,113],"cell":[106],"averaging":[107],"constant":[108],"false":[109,153],"alarm":[110,154],"rate":[111],"(CA-CFAR)":[112],"taken":[116],"as":[117],"reference":[118],"our":[120],"experiments.":[121],"comparison":[123,146],"both":[128],"detectors":[129],"shows":[130],"how":[131],"MLP-based":[133,164],"detector":[134,138,165],"outperforms":[135],"CA-CFAR":[137],"all":[140],"cases":[142],"under":[143],"study.":[144],"This":[145],"objective":[150],"(probabilities":[151],"detection)":[156],"subjective":[158],"estimations":[159],"their":[161],"performances.":[162],"presents":[167],"another":[168],"advantage,":[169],"particularly":[170],"when":[171],"considered:":[177],"high-performance":[178],"robustness":[179],"against":[180],"changes":[181],"environmental":[185],"conditions.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
