{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2130492327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2050359","title":"Gauging the Repeatability of 3-D Imaging Systems by Sphere Fitting","display_name":"Gauging the Repeatability of 3-D Imaging Systems by Sphere Fitting","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-06-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2130492327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2050359","mag":"2130492327"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2050359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2050359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035875846","display_name":"Marek Franaszek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4665-9268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marek Franaszek","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","Nat. Inst. of Stand. & Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Inst. of Stand. & Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033670735","display_name":"Geraldine S. Cheok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-1743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geraldine S. Cheok","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","Nat. Inst. of Stand. & Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Inst. of Stand. & Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072852232","display_name":"Kamel Saidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0098-7904"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1321296531","display_name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xpvk416","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531","https://openalex.org/I1343035065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamel S. Saidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","Nat. Inst. of Stand. & Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nat. Inst. of Stand. & Technol., Gaithersburg, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1321296531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9521,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78401084,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"60","issue":"2","first_page":"567","last_page":"576"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10638","display_name":"Optical measurement and interference techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.8842082023620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radius","display_name":"RADIUS","score":0.5317441821098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5148116946220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scanner","display_name":"Scanner","score":0.5056390762329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/experimental-data","display_name":"Experimental data","score":0.4894825220108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44175249338150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-data","display_name":"Synthetic data","score":0.4394548535346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrating-sphere","display_name":"Integrating sphere","score":0.4203595519065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3963337242603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3828086256980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3551484942436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23954230546951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.23796328902244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1903342604637146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.8842082023620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.5317441821098328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5148116946220398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779751349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474480","display_name":"Scanner","level":2,"score":0.5056390762329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55037315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421151","display_name":"Experimental data","level":2,"score":0.4894825220108032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44175249338150024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.4394548535346985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767471","display_name":"Integrating sphere","level":2,"score":0.4203595519065857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3963337242603302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3828086256980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3551484942436218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23954230546951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23796328902244568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1903342604637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2050359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2050359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89239038","https://openalex.org/W156427511","https://openalex.org/W192069707","https://openalex.org/W1413993273","https://openalex.org/W1481833689","https://openalex.org/W1489537150","https://openalex.org/W1964852464","https://openalex.org/W1999993274","https://openalex.org/W2026673180","https://openalex.org/W2034562813","https://openalex.org/W2041303354","https://openalex.org/W2046641306","https://openalex.org/W2048989926","https://openalex.org/W2054585288","https://openalex.org/W2062286035","https://openalex.org/W2070698695","https://openalex.org/W2153178980","https://openalex.org/W2157486792","https://openalex.org/W2168338244","https://openalex.org/W2315214008","https://openalex.org/W2319895531","https://openalex.org/W2326325773","https://openalex.org/W2617907829","https://openalex.org/W2734663507","https://openalex.org/W4229913882","https://openalex.org/W4242841269","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4300945981","https://openalex.org/W6603590105","https://openalex.org/W6737953993","https://openalex.org/W7026950584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4288084846","https://openalex.org/W2893816048","https://openalex.org/W3168747143","https://openalex.org/W2315867670","https://openalex.org/W1968795594","https://openalex.org/W2237675924","https://openalex.org/W2755432716","https://openalex.org/W1605170656","https://openalex.org/W2144897418","https://openalex.org/W1983775438"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multiple":[0],"scans":[1],"of":[2,32,47,88,96,117,183],"the":[3,17,26,45,48,57,92,97,102,113,118,133,139,145,153,173,181,184],"same":[4,18],"object":[5],"acquired":[6,71,135],"with":[7,101,112,128,144,169],"a":[8,13,73,86,137],"3-D":[9],"imaging":[10],"system":[11],"(e.g.,":[12,29],"laser":[14],"scanner)":[15],"under":[16,158],"experimental":[19],"conditions":[20],"could":[21],"provide":[22],"valuable":[23],"information":[24],"about":[25],"instrument's":[27,58],"performance":[28],"repeatability,":[30],"existence":[31],"bias).":[33],"A":[34],"geometrical":[35],"primitive":[36],"may":[37,52],"be":[38,53],"fitted":[39,49,100,119,124],"to":[40,55,84,91,105,125,132],"multiple":[41],"data":[42,66,70,108,127,134,154,177],"sets":[43,178],"and":[44,80,131,175,179],"variances":[46,116,140],"object's":[50],"parameters":[51],"used":[54,83],"evaluate":[56],"repeatability.":[59],"We":[60],"test":[61],"this":[62],"procedure":[63],"on":[64,69],"simulated":[65,106,126,174],"as":[67,150],"well":[68],"in":[72,110,136,167],"laboratory.":[74],"Two":[75],"different":[76],"error":[77,185],"functions":[78],"(orthogonal":[79],"directional)":[81],"are":[82],"fit":[85],"sphere":[87,98,122,165],"known":[89],"radius":[90],"data.":[93],"The":[94,161],"spread":[95],"centers":[99,123,166],"directional":[103],"function":[104,186],"unbiased":[107],"is":[109,148,187],"agreement":[111],"theoretically":[114],"calculated":[115],"centers.":[120],"For":[121],"added":[129],"bias":[130],"laboratory,":[138],"do":[141],"not":[142,156],"agree":[143],"spread.":[146],"This":[147],"interpreted":[149],"evidence":[151],"that":[152],"were":[155],"collected":[157],"repeatable":[159],"conditions.":[160],"orthogonal":[162],"fitting":[163],"yields":[164],"disagreement":[168],"theory":[170],"both":[171],"for":[172],"laboratory":[176],"therefore,":[180],"choice":[182],"important.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}