{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2165967612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2047129","title":"Detecting External Disturbances on the Camera Lens in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks","display_name":"Detecting External Disturbances on the Camera Lens in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2165967612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2047129","mag":"2165967612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2047129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2047129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005003786","display_name":"Cesare Alippi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3819-0025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cesare Alippi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006716646","display_name":"Giacomo Boracchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1650-3054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Boracchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063016395","display_name":"Romolo Camplani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Romolo Camplani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035547226","display_name":"Manuel Roveri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7828-7687"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuel Roveri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica e Informazione, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005003786"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8269219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"11","first_page":"2982","last_page":"2990"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7245793342590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6141018271446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.5921724438667297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5551815629005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-lens","display_name":"Camera lens","score":0.552703320980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.5434477925300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5150849223136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5100963711738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.4607153832912445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.42060378193855286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/camera-module","display_name":"Camera module","score":0.4160221219062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3979809284210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1726001501083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1415972113609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.11581593751907349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7245793342590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6141018271446228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5921724438667297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5551815629005432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192234","display_name":"Camera lens","level":3,"score":0.552703320980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.5434477925300598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5150849223136902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5100963711738586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4607153832912445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.42060378193855286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73898211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5026013","display_name":"Camera module","level":2,"score":0.4160221219062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3979809284210205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1726001501083374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1415972113609314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.11581593751907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78762247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273174","display_name":"Petroleum engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2010.2047129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2010.2047129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/573203","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11311/573203","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67628671","https://openalex.org/W1514248469","https://openalex.org/W1974228091","https://openalex.org/W1998110148","https://openalex.org/W2028990532","https://openalex.org/W2044535354","https://openalex.org/W2090267299","https://openalex.org/W2098535678","https://openalex.org/W2102350954","https://openalex.org/W2106672917","https://openalex.org/W2108690917","https://openalex.org/W2114867966","https://openalex.org/W2116541702","https://openalex.org/W2116819795","https://openalex.org/W2117461507","https://openalex.org/W2119028667","https://openalex.org/W2119535410","https://openalex.org/W2123033018","https://openalex.org/W2125289038","https://openalex.org/W2128617709","https://openalex.org/W2136782495","https://openalex.org/W2140266075","https://openalex.org/W2142187017","https://openalex.org/W2143667229","https://openalex.org/W2150548244","https://openalex.org/W2154317972","https://openalex.org/W2159749540","https://openalex.org/W2166042538","https://openalex.org/W2166774562","https://openalex.org/W2984621642","https://openalex.org/W4249625715","https://openalex.org/W4249736943","https://openalex.org/W4256068510","https://openalex.org/W6681053624"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988455012","https://openalex.org/W2027718226","https://openalex.org/W2073809998","https://openalex.org/W1966119149","https://openalex.org/W1916130301","https://openalex.org/W2076321186","https://openalex.org/W2393119714","https://openalex.org/W1978284986","https://openalex.org/W2012904734","https://openalex.org/W2028671992"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Assessing":[0],"the":[1,28,37,43,51,56,97,103,106,116,119,125,128,182,187,190],"quality":[2],"of":[3,8,30,53,58,96,118,127,142,158],"images":[4,155],"acquired":[5,44],"by":[6,68,87],"nodes":[7,151],"a":[9,16,59,63,82,94,139],"wireless":[10],"multimedia":[11],"sensor":[12],"network":[13],"(WMSN)":[14],"is":[15,66,133,148],"critical":[17],"issue,":[18],"particularly":[19],"in":[20],"outdoor":[21],"applications":[22],"where":[23],"external":[24,70],"disturbances":[25,180],"such":[26,81],"as":[27],"presence":[29],"water,":[31],"dust,":[32],"snow,":[33],"or":[34,75,124],"tampering":[35],"on":[36,62,181],"camera":[38,183],"lens":[39,57,184],"may":[40],"seriously":[41],"corrupt":[42],"images.":[45,77],"In":[46,145],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"address":[50],"problem":[52,83],"determining":[54],"when":[55,150],"microcamera":[60],"mounted":[61],"WMSN":[64],"node":[65,188],"affected":[67],"an":[69],"disturbance":[71],"that":[72,80],"produces":[73],"blurred":[74],"obfuscated":[76],"We":[78],"show":[79],"can":[84,178],"be":[85],"solved":[86],"considering":[88],"change":[89,107],"detection":[90,108],"tests":[91],"applied":[92],"to":[93],"measure":[95],"blur":[98,104],"intensity.":[99],"Interestingly,":[100],"both":[101],"measuring":[102],"and":[105,136,161],"test":[109],"do":[110],"not":[111,166],"require":[112],"any":[113],"assumption":[114],"about":[115],"content":[117],"observed":[120],"scene,":[121],"its":[122],"nature,":[123],"characteristics":[126],"blur.":[129],"The":[130],"proposed":[131],"methodology":[132],"thus":[134],"flexible":[135],"effective":[137],"for":[138],"large":[140],"class":[141],"monitoring":[143],"applications.":[144],"particular,":[146],"it":[147],"attractive":[149],"cannot":[152],"continuously":[153],"acquire":[154],"(e.g.,":[156],"because":[157],"energy":[159],"limitations)":[160],"background":[162],"subtraction":[163],"methods":[164],"are":[165],"feasible.":[167],"Two":[168],"solutions,":[169],"with":[170],"different":[171],"hardware":[172],"costs,":[173],"have":[174],"been":[175],"designed,":[176],"which":[177],"detect":[179],"at":[185],"either/both":[186],"or/and":[189],"remote":[191],"station":[192],"level.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
