{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100439909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2025984","title":"A Scatterometer System for Laboratory Study of Polarimetric Electromagnetic Signatures of Icy Hydrometeors","display_name":"A Scatterometer System for Laboratory Study of Polarimetric Electromagnetic Signatures of Icy Hydrometeors","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100439909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2025984","mag":"2100439909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2009.2025984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2025984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456232","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-3484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145244","display_name":"Radar (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05c5a2504","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","Atmos. Radar Res. Center, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmos. Radar Res. Center, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664","https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079717567","display_name":"Andrew Huston","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145244","display_name":"Radar (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05c5a2504","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Huston","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","Atmos. Radar Res. Center, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmos. Radar Res. Center, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664","https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003420788","display_name":"Michael Mallo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145244","display_name":"Radar (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05c5a2504","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Mallo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","Atmos. Radar Res. Center, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmos. Radar Res. Center, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664","https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741617","display_name":"Zhengzheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5922-6237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145244","display_name":"Radar (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05c5a2504","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengzheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","Atmos. Radar Res. Center, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Atmospheric Radar Research Center (ARRC), University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmos. Radar Res. Center, Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664","https://openalex.org/I4210145244"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029573738","display_name":"Guifu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0261-2815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8692664","display_name":"University of Oklahoma","ror":"https://ror.org/02aqsxs83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guifu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Meteorology and the ARRC, University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","Sch. of Meteorol., Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Meteorology and the ARRC, University of Oklahama, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Meteorol., Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8692664"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64616802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"3","first_page":"671","last_page":"681"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scatterometer","display_name":"Scatterometer","score":0.8607658743858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarimetry","display_name":"Polarimetry","score":0.736449658870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.7261174917221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5954259037971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.5941764712333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anechoic-chamber","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","score":0.5215420722961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.46895235776901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4596978425979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.4539319574832916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.44888415932655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.33310291171073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scattering","display_name":"Scattering","score":0.3159123659133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.29534202814102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2566043734550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20272710919380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.15808027982711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14950993657112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.14452704787254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10144278407096863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776212561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905295","display_name":"Scatterometer","level":3,"score":0.8607658743858337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.736449658870697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.7261174917221069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5954259037971497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.5941764712333679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149712133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332774","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","level":2,"score":0.5215420722961426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.46895235776901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4596978425979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.4539319574832916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.44888415932655334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.33310291171073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.3159123659133911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29534202814102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2566043734550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20272710919380188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.15808027982711792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14950993657112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14452704787254333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10144278407096863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2009.2025984","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2025984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310356","display_name":"Midwestern State University","ror":"https://ror.org/00t30ch44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313823","display_name":"Midwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/046yatd98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223995386","https://openalex.org/W1577900252","https://openalex.org/W1607823060","https://openalex.org/W1648144830","https://openalex.org/W1672766972","https://openalex.org/W1948170303","https://openalex.org/W1972066449","https://openalex.org/W1981140476","https://openalex.org/W2015331370","https://openalex.org/W2060169694","https://openalex.org/W2064414791","https://openalex.org/W2082211830","https://openalex.org/W2098337094","https://openalex.org/W2102424340","https://openalex.org/W2113276787","https://openalex.org/W2120522204","https://openalex.org/W2123273061","https://openalex.org/W2138956262","https://openalex.org/W2139782007","https://openalex.org/W2140585749","https://openalex.org/W2143863413","https://openalex.org/W2144963699","https://openalex.org/W2156040521","https://openalex.org/W2169424585","https://openalex.org/W2176120161","https://openalex.org/W2478698305","https://openalex.org/W2625885472","https://openalex.org/W4255775350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2356268454","https://openalex.org/W4311235961","https://openalex.org/W2620866984","https://openalex.org/W1895325354","https://openalex.org/W2358496650","https://openalex.org/W2901252916","https://openalex.org/W1577762516","https://openalex.org/W2373103466","https://openalex.org/W1978722267","https://openalex.org/W2359212910"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radar":[0],"sensors":[1],"with":[2,47,67,73,101,119],"dual-polarization":[3,106],"capability":[4],"allow":[5],"a":[6,51,133],"better":[7],"understanding":[8],"and":[9,36,88,99,109,126],"characterization":[10],"of":[11,19,50,85,132],"weather":[12],"hazards,":[13],"particularly":[14],"hydrometeor":[15,22,77,91,110,140],"particles.":[16],"The":[17,79,105,123],"knowledge":[18,137],"natural":[20,87],"polarimetric":[21,80],"scattering":[23],"signatures,":[24],"on":[25],"the":[26,48,116,130,144],"other":[27],"hand,":[28],"has":[29,62],"been":[30,63],"limited":[31],"in":[32,65,143],"theoretical":[33,102],"calculations,":[34],"simulations,":[35],"radar":[37,81,107],"measurements.":[38,78],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"an":[42,68],"experimental":[43],"approach":[44],"was":[45],"designed":[46],"assistance":[49],"controlled":[52],"laboratory":[53],"environment.":[54],"An":[55],"advanced":[56],"vector":[57],"network":[58],"analyzer-based":[59],"scatterometer":[60],"system":[61],"developed":[64],"harmony":[66],"environmentally":[69],"monitored":[70],"anechoic":[71],"chamber":[72],"special":[74],"configurations":[75],"for":[76,139],"cross":[82],"section":[83],"(RCS)":[84],"various":[86],"man-made":[89],"icy":[90],"samples":[92],"is":[93],"measured":[94],"across":[95],"wide":[96],"X-band":[97],"frequencies":[98],"compared":[100],"modeling":[103],"results.":[104],"variables":[108],"melting":[111],"parameters":[112],"are":[113],"derived":[114],"from":[115],"RCS":[117],"measurements":[118],"interesting":[120],"observations":[121],"obtained.":[122],"described":[124],"technology":[125],"results":[127],"serve":[128],"as":[129],"basis":[131],"new":[134],"hydrometer":[135],"microphysics":[136],"base":[138],"classification":[141],"processing":[142],"next-generation":[145],"multichannel":[146],"dual-polarized":[147],"hazard":[148],"monitoring":[149],"radars.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
