{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2140199876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2016387","title":"Uncertainty in Power System State Variables Obtained Through Synchronized Measurements","display_name":"Uncertainty in Power System State Variables Obtained Through Synchronized Measurements","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2140199876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2016387","mag":"2140199876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2009.2016387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2016387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050454730","display_name":"Saikat Chakrabarti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2224-4308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Chakrabarti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002547333","display_name":"Elias Kyriakides","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-9836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34771391","display_name":"University of Cyprus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qjrjx09","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Kyriakides","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34771391"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013910452","display_name":"Mihaela Albu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0019-0321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Albu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Politehnica University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":71,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95706043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"8","first_page":"2452","last_page":"2458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observability","display_name":"Observability","score":0.8877109289169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.7655700445175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.623249888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-variable","display_name":"State variable","score":0.621378481388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-variable","display_name":"Random variable","score":0.5643730759620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.5627841353416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/units-of-measurement","display_name":"Units of measurement","score":0.5556895136833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor-measurement-unit","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","score":0.5293223261833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5006322860717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-uncertainty","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","score":0.4994356632232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4968610107898712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-equation","display_name":"Quadratic equation","score":0.443361759185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.4312877953052521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4241361618041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.39995813369750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.3947848379611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.37278681993484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2639983296394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.1716853678226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.12495031952857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08393356204032898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36299963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369844","display_name":"Observability","level":2,"score":0.8877109289169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.7655700445175171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.623249888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129537906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603913","display_name":"State variable","level":2,"score":0.621378481388092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.5643730759620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5627841353416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151233233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47574","display_name":"Units of measurement","level":2,"score":0.5556895136833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8290","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","level":5,"score":0.5293223261833191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5006322860717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.4994356632232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4968610107898712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129844170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41299","display_name":"Quadratic equation","level":2,"score":0.443361759185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4312877953052521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4241361618041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.39995813369750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3947848379611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.37278681993484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2639983296394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.1716853678226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12495031952857971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08393356204032898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2009.2016387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2009.2016387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W149760185","https://openalex.org/W1495373176","https://openalex.org/W1598852905","https://openalex.org/W1607032092","https://openalex.org/W2013032827","https://openalex.org/W2055038536","https://openalex.org/W2061085379","https://openalex.org/W2105850102","https://openalex.org/W2115886125","https://openalex.org/W2131448478","https://openalex.org/W2155978258","https://openalex.org/W2162765501","https://openalex.org/W2315214008","https://openalex.org/W2487816258","https://openalex.org/W2764935953","https://openalex.org/W2983338817","https://openalex.org/W3013928616","https://openalex.org/W4214484041","https://openalex.org/W6775152241"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4303629054","https://openalex.org/W2053233963","https://openalex.org/W2436447478","https://openalex.org/W3138685249","https://openalex.org/W2168078281","https://openalex.org/W3213512594","https://openalex.org/W2020891570","https://openalex.org/W4313410299","https://openalex.org/W2188074670","https://openalex.org/W2140199876"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"computes":[2],"the":[3,7,14,28,32,36,44,52,55,58,61,66,71,85,95,102,105],"uncertainties":[4,53],"associated":[5],"with":[6,13],"power":[8],"system":[9],"state":[10,56],"variables":[11,74],"obtained":[12],"help":[15],"of":[16,35,43,60,91,104],"phasor":[17],"measurement":[18],"units":[19],"(PMUs).":[20],"An":[21],"integer-quadratic-programming-based":[22],"method":[23,92],"is":[24],"used":[25,49],"to":[26,38,50],"determine":[27],"minimum":[29],"number":[30],"and":[31,70,84],"optimal":[33],"locations":[34],"PMUs":[37],"ensure":[39],"complete":[40],"topological":[41],"observability":[42],"system.":[45],"Three":[46],"approaches":[47],"are":[48,78,87,98],"estimate":[51],"in":[54,107],"variables:":[57],"use":[59],"classical":[62],"uncertainty":[63],"propagation":[64],"theory,":[65],"Monte":[67],"Carlo":[68],"method,":[69],"random":[72],"fuzzy":[73],"(RFVs).":[75],"The":[76,89],"methods":[77],"applied":[79],"on":[80,94,101],"a":[81],"test":[82],"system,":[83],"results":[86],"presented.":[88],"choice":[90],"depends":[93],"application;":[96],"suggestions":[97],"offered":[99],"based":[100],"conclusions":[103],"work":[106],"this":[108],"paper.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
