{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128525643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2026.3656753","title":"Optimal Ferrite Structure Design of DD-Type Magnetic Coupler Based on Improved Deep Reinforcement Learning for WPT System","display_name":"Optimal Ferrite Structure Design of DD-Type Magnetic Coupler Based on Improved Deep Reinforcement Learning for WPT System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128525643","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2026.3656753"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2026.3656753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2026.3656753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111052601","display_name":"Shijie Cong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8145-7667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-1873"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-1873","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125504843","display_name":"Wuyi Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuyi Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101659311","display_name":"Feng Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1035-9749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125502533","display_name":"Chang Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2583-1704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107559511","display_name":"Tianyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4342-6936"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4342-6936","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chunbo Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-1941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunbo Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7427-1941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16635772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"4191","last_page":"4202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductance","display_name":"Inductance","score":0.8062000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferrite-core","display_name":"Ferrite core","score":0.5874999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-shielding","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-core","display_name":"Magnetic core","score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-power-transfer","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.40119999647140503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29210110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177897","display_name":"Inductance","level":3,"score":0.8062000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190024692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5254252","display_name":"Ferrite core","level":3,"score":0.5874999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2265751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332007","display_name":"Electromagnetic shielding","level":2,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4611000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23832930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088161","display_name":"Magnetic core","level":3,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779423816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6856398","display_name":"Wireless power transfer","level":3,"score":0.43059998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.40119999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3736000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37210646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5105088","display_name":"Ferrite (magnet)","level":2,"score":0.33230000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.32179999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2619999945163727}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2026.3656753","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2026.3656753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6421578526496887,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1801887664","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52577008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3015759163","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YQ2025E019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimization":[0],"of":[1,9,36,47,96,103],"the":[2,6,19,29,33,45,50,55,64,88,92,97,104,121,143,149,162,168,174],"core":[3,65,71,111,125,164,172,182],"structure":[4,86],"in":[5,49,181,188],"magnetic":[7],"coupler":[8],"a":[10,70,84,135,178,185],"wireless":[11],"power":[12,20],"transfer":[13],"system":[14,23],"is":[15,61,66,80,99,107,127,139],"critical":[16],"for":[17,28,141],"enhancing":[18],"density":[21],"and":[22,131,134,155,184,197],"efficiency.":[24,199],"This":[25],"study":[26],"reveals":[27],"first":[30],"time":[31],"that":[32,58],"mutual":[34,59,117,189],"inductance":[35,60,118],"DD-type":[37,51],"coils":[38],"initially":[39],"increases":[40],"but":[41],"then":[42],"decreases":[43],"as":[44],"number":[46],"cores":[48],"receiver":[52,176],"increases,":[53],"contradicting":[54],"inherent":[56],"assumption":[57],"maximized":[62],"when":[63],"fully":[67,170],"distributed.":[68],"Furthermore,":[69],"optimization":[72,122,150],"method":[73],"based":[74],"on":[75],"improved":[76],"deep":[77,89],"reinforcement":[78],"learning":[79],"introduced.":[81],"By":[82],"integrating":[83],"residual":[85],"into":[87,129],"neural":[90],"network,":[91],"feature":[93],"extraction":[94],"ability":[95],"network":[98],"improved.":[100],"The":[101,124],"survival":[102],"fittest":[105],"strategy":[106,138],"used":[108],"to":[109,116,119,147,160],"identify":[110],"locations":[112],"with":[113,167],"high":[114],"contributions":[115],"improve":[120],"speed.":[123],"region":[126],"divided":[128],"inner":[130],"outer":[132],"layers,":[133],"hierarchical":[136],"selection":[137],"proposed":[140,163],"selecting":[142],"two":[144],"regions":[145],"separately":[146],"reduce":[148],"space.":[151],"A":[152],"30-kW":[153],"prototype":[154],"experimental":[156],"platform":[157],"were":[158],"developed":[159],"validate":[161],"structure.":[165],"Compared":[166],"conventional":[169],"filled":[171],"structure,":[173],"optimized":[175],"achieved":[177],"28%":[179],"reduction":[180],"volume":[183],"2.3%":[186],"increase":[187],"inductance,":[190],"while":[191],"maintaining":[192],"misalignment":[193],"tolerance,":[194],"shielding":[195],"effectiveness,":[196],"overall":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}
