{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133198051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2026.3655106","title":"STD2Vformer: A Free-Form Spatiotemporal Forecasting Model","display_name":"STD2Vformer: A Free-Form Spatiotemporal Forecasting Model","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133198051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2026.3655106"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2026.3655106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2026.3655106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liwei Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6185-5138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liwei Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6185-5138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6893-0253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6893-0253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127850956","display_name":"Junhao Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junhao Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127834139","display_name":"Xinhe Niu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhe Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0982-9214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003293085","display_name":"Yuxin He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-9990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Urban Transportation and Logistics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8857-9990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Urban Transportation and Logistics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125957343","display_name":"Shiyao Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127899","display_name":"Centre of Excellence for Advanced Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/02sdafq46","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Advanced Engineering, Great Bay University, Dongguan City, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0004-1801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Advanced Engineering, Great Bay University, Dongguan City, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127847633","display_name":"Zhihai He","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihai He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2647-8286","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.9939,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97722148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"5","first_page":"4044","last_page":"4055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.11169999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.11169999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.09369999915361404,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.07729999721050262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptability","display_name":"Adaptability","score":0.7470999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timestamp","display_name":"Timestamp","score":0.7289000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4359000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177606310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5674297","display_name":"Adaptability","level":2,"score":0.7470999956130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113954288","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186885","display_name":"Timestamp","level":2,"score":0.7289000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5710999965667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.527400016784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.47909998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4359000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3603000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.31220000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778136018","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10350689","display_name":"Predictive power","level":2,"score":0.31150001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777472644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16968992","display_name":"Approximate inference","level":3,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779714256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25305062","display_name":"Multiple Models","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2026.3655106","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2026.3655106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.40459203720092773,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5942187815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72301180","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7011098583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025A1515012015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7241336843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62206178","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spatiotemporal":[0],"forecasting":[1,46],"plays":[2],"a":[3,49,80,110,138],"vital":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6],"modeling":[7,131],"and":[8,19,70,91,104,125,149,179,196,211],"managing":[9],"complex":[10],"dynamic":[11,88,158],"systems,":[12],"such":[13],"as":[14],"traffic":[15],"networks,":[16],"power":[17],"grids,":[18],"industrial":[20],"diagnostic":[21],"systems.":[22],"However,":[23],"most":[24],"existing":[25],"spatiotemporal":[26,82,89,97,118,133],"models":[27,56],"focus":[28],"primarily":[29],"on":[30,163,191,201],"improving":[31],"prediction":[32,52,83,98,102,159,194,204],"accuracy":[33],"within":[34],"fixed":[35],"scenarios,":[36],"while":[37],"overlooking":[38],"the":[39,117,143,188,192,202],"challenge":[40],"of":[41],"adapting":[42],"to":[43,59,62,65,96,141,157],"dynamically":[44],"changing":[45],"demands.":[47,160],"As":[48],"result,":[50],"when":[51],"requirements":[53],"shift,":[54],"these":[55],"often":[57],"need":[58],"be":[60,93],"retrained":[61],"remain":[63],"accurate\u2014leading":[64],"resource":[66],"inefficiency,":[67],"production":[68],"delays,":[69],"heightened":[71],"safety":[72],"risks.":[73],"To":[74],"address":[75],"this":[76],"issue,":[77],"we":[78,115,136],"propose":[79],"novel":[81],"framework":[84],"that":[85,169],"effectively":[86],"captures":[87],"dependencies":[90],"can":[92],"directly":[94],"applied":[95],"tasks":[99],"with":[100,215],"varying":[101],"lengths":[103],"arbitrary":[105],"starting":[106],"points,":[107],"requiring":[108],"only":[109],"single":[111],"training":[112],"phase.":[113],"Specifically,":[114],"introduce":[116],"Date2Vec":[119],"embedding":[120],"method,":[121],"which":[122],"generates":[123],"past":[124,148],"future":[126,150],"timestamp":[127,151],"embeddings":[128],"by":[129],"explicitly":[130],"intrinsic":[132],"relationships.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"design":[137],"fusion":[139],"module":[140],"model":[142,171],"direct":[144],"mapping":[145],"relationship":[146],"between":[147],"embeddings,":[152],"thereby":[153],"enabling":[154],"rapid":[155],"adaptation":[156],"Extensive":[161],"experiments":[162],"seven":[164],"real-world":[165],"public":[166],"datasets":[167],"show":[168],"our":[170],"exhibits":[172],"superior":[173],"adaptability":[174],"across":[175],"four":[176],"distinct":[177],"domains":[178],"higher":[180],"predictive":[181],"accuracy\u2014achieving":[182],"an":[183,197],"average":[184,198],"4.55%":[185],"improvement":[186,200],"over":[187],"best-performing":[189],"baseline":[190],"fixed-horizon":[193],"task":[195],"9.10%":[199],"free-form":[203],"task\u2014while":[205],"also":[206],"providing":[207],"lower":[208],"computational":[209],"complexity":[210],"faster":[212],"inference":[213],"compared":[214],"state-of-the-art":[216],"methods.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T13:12:06.581006","created_date":"2026-03-03T00:00:00"}