{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7084768608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2025.3609219","title":"Fusion of Static and Dynamic Features of Vision Signal Based on Transformer for Penetration Depth Forecasting in Laser Beam Oscillation Welding","display_name":"Fusion of Static and Dynamic Features of Vision Signal Based on Transformer for Penetration Depth Forecasting in Laser Beam Oscillation Welding","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7084768608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2025.3609219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2025.3609219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2025.3609219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shenghong Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-8336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shenghong Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding &amp; Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding &amp; Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7825-9838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding &amp; Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding &amp; Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ting Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Caiwang Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caiwang Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding &amp; Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding &amp; Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoguo Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoguo Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding &amp; Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding &amp; Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guodong Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Special Welding Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65364474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"336","last_page":"347"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.6883000135421753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.6883000135421753,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10639","display_name":"Advanced Software Engineering Methodologies","score":0.27300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10430","display_name":"Software Engineering Techniques and Practices","score":0.016300000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welding","display_name":"Welding","score":0.4887000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuse","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-frame","display_name":"Inter frame","score":0.3379000127315521}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6172000169754028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5871000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4925000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19474535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131172","display_name":"Welding","level":2,"score":0.4887000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.46239998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.3991999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141353440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182221","display_name":"Fuse (electrical)","level":2,"score":0.3953999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3732999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39394851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q921594","display_name":"Inter frame","level":4,"score":0.3379000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.3359000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776143536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980866","display_name":"Weld pool","level":5,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66024118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122506","display_name":"Computational model","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.30660000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5339829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425977","display_name":"Machine vision","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982962833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092450","display_name":"Information fusion","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80107235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162625","display_name":"Penetration (warfare)","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2025.3609219","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2025.3609219","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6358000040054321,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1998626418","https://openalex.org/W2064710808","https://openalex.org/W2295856041","https://openalex.org/W2791655765","https://openalex.org/W2954478643","https://openalex.org/W2985124477","https://openalex.org/W3005303223","https://openalex.org/W3008269235","https://openalex.org/W3019721278","https://openalex.org/W3022591360","https://openalex.org/W3048118749","https://openalex.org/W3081081109","https://openalex.org/W3177318507","https://openalex.org/W4210454360","https://openalex.org/W4281633373","https://openalex.org/W4283726963","https://openalex.org/W4285254305","https://openalex.org/W4309476662","https://openalex.org/W4313655121","https://openalex.org/W4320232838","https://openalex.org/W4323358968","https://openalex.org/W4327606547","https://openalex.org/W4381547507","https://openalex.org/W4382359167","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385285442","https://openalex.org/W4385337050","https://openalex.org/W4386577658","https://openalex.org/W4387481019","https://openalex.org/W4392510004","https://openalex.org/W4393246475","https://openalex.org/W4399666520","https://openalex.org/W4405596070"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,135,166],"penetration":[1,41,64,133],"depth":[2,65],"is":[3,18,69,79,100,112,137],"a":[4,49,60,88,141],"key":[5],"factor":[6],"that":[7,177],"determines":[8],"the":[9,26,83,104,128,149,173,178,184],"load-bearing":[10],"capacity":[11],"of":[12,93,144,169],"welded":[13],"joint,":[14],"so":[15],"its":[16],"monitoring":[17],"particularly":[19],"important.":[20],"Compared":[21],"with":[22,109,132],"image-based":[23],"deep":[24,30],"learning,":[25],"long-sequence":[27,45],"time-series":[28,62],"image":[29,46],"learning":[31],"can":[32,181],"extract":[33,115,183],"richer":[34],"information":[35,120,185],"to":[36,71,81,102,114],"more":[37],"accurately":[38,190],"predict":[39],"welding":[40],"depth.":[42,134],"However,":[43],"processing":[44],"signals":[47],"confronts":[48],"tradeoff":[50],"between":[51],"computational":[52,55,73,105],"demands":[53],"and":[54,96,116,125,139,146,151,158,189],"efficiency.":[56,74],"In":[57],"this":[58],"article,":[59],"patch":[61],"transformer":[63],"forecasting":[66,156],"(PatchTST-PDF)":[67],"method":[68],"proposed":[70,179],"improve":[72],"A":[75],"machine":[76],"vision":[77],"system":[78],"constructed":[80,101],"collect":[82],"passive":[84],"visual":[85],"signal.":[86],"Meanwhile,":[87],"low-dimensional":[89],"multivariate":[90],"dataset":[91],"consisting":[92],"single-frame":[94],"static":[95],"interframe":[97],"dynamic":[98,193],"features":[99],"mitigate":[103],"costs.":[106],"Subsequently,":[107],"PatchTST-PDF":[108,136],"multiparallel":[110],"inputs":[111],"utilized":[113],"fuse":[117],"abstract":[118],"spatiotemporal":[119],"from":[121,186],"each":[122,187],"independent":[123],"feature":[124,188],"precisely":[126],"capture":[127],"long-range":[129],"dependencies":[130],"associated":[131],"optimized":[138],"achieved":[140],"mean-squared":[142],"error":[143,157],"0.032":[145],"0.048":[147],"for":[148],"training":[150],"validation":[152],"set,":[153],"respectively.":[154],"Its":[155],"response":[159],"speed":[160],"outperform":[161],"other":[162],"state-of-the-art":[163],"temporal":[164],"models.":[165],"visualization":[167],"results":[168],"attention":[170],"scores":[171],"during":[172],"decision-making":[174],"process":[175],"demonstrate":[176],"approach":[180],"independently":[182],"track":[191],"their":[192],"evolutions":[194],"over":[195],"time.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-01-10T23:39:48.068659","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
