{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413277188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2025.3594054","title":"Hierarchical Stochastic Spatial\u2013Temporal Transformer for Trustworthy State-of-Health Estimation of Batteries in Industrial Applications","display_name":"Hierarchical Stochastic Spatial\u2013Temporal Transformer for Trustworthy State-of-Health Estimation of Batteries in Industrial Applications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413277188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2025.3594054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2025.3594054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2025.3594054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101328764","display_name":"Xinhui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0632-931X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0632-931X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085493660","display_name":"Yuanguo Bi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-8542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanguo Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8424-8542","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083675916","display_name":"Rao Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-9213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rao Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2240-9213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering and the Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100630047","display_name":"Xiaoling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-1347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157507598","display_name":"Shenyang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00d7f8730","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157507598"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061568038","display_name":"Liang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-6850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5829-6850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089032960","display_name":"Ammar Hawbani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-3993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125904092","display_name":"Shenyang Aerospace University","ror":"https://ror.org/02423gm04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ammar Hawbani","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1069-3993","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125904092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003976377","display_name":"Zhenyu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-3922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120842","display_name":"Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02xqp7x96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenyang Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210120842"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.891,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71517283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"11","first_page":"9069","last_page":"9080"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9721999764442444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9318000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6060912013053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trustworthiness","display_name":"Trustworthiness","score":0.5430542826652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5075365304946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.47027498483657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3644225299358368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3425953984260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2520899474620819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1891939342021942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15764263272285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.14545747637748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09408056735992432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6060912013053894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153701036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q659974","display_name":"Trustworthiness","level":2,"score":0.5430542826652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5075365304946899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.47027498483657837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3644225299358368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3425953984260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2520899474620819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1891939342021942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15764263272285461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.14545747637748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09408056735992432}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2025.3594054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2025.3594054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6057092687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2424010\u201018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6074469635","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293634267","https://openalex.org/W2772728162","https://openalex.org/W2924382816","https://openalex.org/W3007217854","https://openalex.org/W3011501490","https://openalex.org/W3035287210","https://openalex.org/W3040694753","https://openalex.org/W3102100346","https://openalex.org/W3126674018","https://openalex.org/W3170261818","https://openalex.org/W3173787059","https://openalex.org/W3204431451","https://openalex.org/W4210537445","https://openalex.org/W4224947065","https://openalex.org/W4225680488","https://openalex.org/W4226373360","https://openalex.org/W4226397853","https://openalex.org/W4251960031","https://openalex.org/W4294719703","https://openalex.org/W4312624947","https://openalex.org/W4313420094","https://openalex.org/W4365801545","https://openalex.org/W4379203694","https://openalex.org/W4385696204","https://openalex.org/W4385819854","https://openalex.org/W4386415949","https://openalex.org/W4386785885","https://openalex.org/W4387762676","https://openalex.org/W4389068084","https://openalex.org/W4389331407","https://openalex.org/W4389512212","https://openalex.org/W4390755659","https://openalex.org/W4391128578","https://openalex.org/W4391491286","https://openalex.org/W4399039452","https://openalex.org/W4400520842","https://openalex.org/W4400980345","https://openalex.org/W4402401921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2076536433","https://openalex.org/W90316445","https://openalex.org/W4327743613","https://openalex.org/W2965447900","https://openalex.org/W3199750033","https://openalex.org/W4391815708","https://openalex.org/W2374509987","https://openalex.org/W3163373470","https://openalex.org/W3005856188","https://openalex.org/W1898221464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"lithium-ion":[1],"batteries":[2],"prevalent":[3],"in":[4,38,44,71,142],"safety-critical":[5],"industries,":[6],"accurate":[7],"and":[8,42,59,68,111,126],"reliable":[9],"estimation":[10],"of":[11,33,140],"battery":[12],"state-of-health,":[13],"termed":[14],"trustworthy":[15,51,143],"prognosis,":[16],"has":[17],"become":[18],"crucial.":[19],"However,":[20],"neglecting":[21],"model":[22],"uncertainty":[23,96],"during":[24],"representative":[25],"correlation":[26],"learning":[27],"may":[28],"lead":[29],"to":[30,63,105],"inappropriate":[31],"aggregation":[32],"ambiguous":[34],"segments.":[35],"Moreover,":[36],"shifts":[37],"dominant":[39],"spatial":[40],"channels":[41],"sparsity":[43],"useful":[45],"temporal":[46],"features":[47],"further":[48],"hinder":[49],"the":[50,54,57,119,138],"estimation.":[52],"Furthermore,":[53],"misalignment":[55],"between":[56],"predicted":[58],"actual":[60],"distributions":[61],"leads":[62],"a":[64,81,99,128],"confidence":[65,120],"biases":[66],"issue":[67,122],"degrades":[69],"performance":[70],"distinguishing":[72],"out-of-distribution":[73],"samples.":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"these":[77],"challenges,":[78],"we":[79,116],"propose":[80],"hierarchical":[82,100],"stochastic":[83,90,113],"spatial\u2013temporal":[84,101],"Transformer":[85,102],"(HSSTT).":[86],"First,":[87],"HSSTT":[88,141],"implements":[89],"self-attention":[91],"utilizing":[92],"Gumbel\u2013Softmax":[93],"reparameterization":[94],"for":[95],"quantification.":[97],"Then,":[98],"is":[103],"designed":[104],"leverage":[106],"uncertainty-aware":[107],"timestep-wise":[108],"dilated":[109],"convolution":[110],"clustered":[112],"self-attention.":[114],"Finally,":[115],"theoretically":[117],"analyse":[118],"bias":[121],"through":[123],"bias-variance":[124],"decomposition":[125],"develop":[127],"principled":[129],"calibration":[130],"strategy.":[131],"Experimental":[132],"results":[133],"on":[134],"four":[135],"datasets":[136],"demonstrate":[137],"superiority":[139],"prognosis":[144],"against":[145],"seven":[146],"State-of-the-Art":[147],"models.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}