{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405264507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3503776","title":"Q-Learning-Based Workload Consolidation for Data Centers With Composable Architecture","display_name":"Q-Learning-Based Workload Consolidation for Data Centers With Composable Architecture","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405264507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3503776"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2024.3503776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3503776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3503776","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090877423","display_name":"Chao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-2156"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Intelligent Multidimensional Data Analysis Limited, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6175-2156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Intelligent Multidimensional Data Analysis Limited, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045921529","display_name":"Longfei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5929-6999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092223","display_name":"Suzhou Vocational University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn8pj83","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092223"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longfei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Suzhou Vocational University, Suzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5929-6999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Suzhou Vocational University, Suzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092223"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032227505","display_name":"Moshe Zukerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-5020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moshe Zukerman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6190-5020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2887,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93687471,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"3","first_page":"2324","last_page":"2333"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9674999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.7642468214035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.732710063457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.6591116786003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consolidation","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","score":0.45001736283302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4142375886440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3800289034843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.33613014221191406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.7642468214035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.732710063457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.6591116786003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776014549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3050847","display_name":"Consolidation (business)","level":2,"score":0.45001736283302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4142375886440277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3800289034843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.33613014221191406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2024.3503776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3503776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/156f4702-1050-46c2-a2dd-14bf938ee3c9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/publications/156f4702-1050-46c2-a2dd-14bf938ee3c9","pdf_url":"https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/files/276742433/257884381.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055387","display_name":"CityU Scholars","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Guo, C, Li, L & Zukerman, M 2025, 'Q-Learning-Based Workload Consolidation for Data Centers With Composable Architecture', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 2324-2333. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2024.3503776","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2024.3503776","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3503776","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4699999988079071}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309893","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321920","display_name":"Innovation and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/04vf9tr09"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2150062570","https://openalex.org/W2154863143","https://openalex.org/W2345506493","https://openalex.org/W2584983021","https://openalex.org/W2604464372","https://openalex.org/W2743034119","https://openalex.org/W2765796621","https://openalex.org/W2786784689","https://openalex.org/W2792281126","https://openalex.org/W2894873043","https://openalex.org/W3005833785","https://openalex.org/W3126861500","https://openalex.org/W3127155935","https://openalex.org/W3137986712","https://openalex.org/W3203831850","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4254778370","https://openalex.org/W4312668527","https://openalex.org/W4313645506","https://openalex.org/W4318541517","https://openalex.org/W4319302608","https://openalex.org/W4327779032","https://openalex.org/W4364305177","https://openalex.org/W4385655886","https://openalex.org/W4388581064","https://openalex.org/W4388581154","https://openalex.org/W4389077645","https://openalex.org/W4396878026","https://openalex.org/W4399677840","https://openalex.org/W6732398259","https://openalex.org/W6755630855","https://openalex.org/W6775686901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W2990194547","https://openalex.org/W1480123525","https://openalex.org/W2620865396","https://openalex.org/W2038503502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Composable":[0],"or":[1],"disaggregated":[2],"architectures":[3,15],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6,20],"a":[7,77,89],"solution":[8],"to":[9,37,96,114],"address":[10,72],"the":[11,30,51,56,100,106],"drawbacks":[12],"of":[13,54,58,91,105],"server-based":[14],"in":[16],"data":[17],"centers,":[18],"such":[19],"resource":[21,69],"inefficiency":[22],"and":[23,61,68,122],"limited":[24],"scalability.":[25],"This":[26],"article":[27],"focuses":[28],"on":[29],"workload":[31,62],"consolidation":[32],"problem":[33],"where":[34],"we":[35,75],"aim":[36],"consolidate":[38],"workloads":[39],"that":[40,82],"spread":[41],"over":[42],"many":[43],"underutilized":[44],"(resource)":[45],"nodes":[46,60],"onto":[47],"fewer":[48],"ones,":[49],"with":[50],"two":[52,101],"objectives":[53],"minimizing":[55],"number":[57],"active":[59],"migrations,":[63],"thereby":[64],"enhancing":[65],"energy":[66],"efficiency":[67],"utilization.":[70],"To":[71],"this":[73],"problem,":[74],"propose":[76],"Q-learning-based":[78],"reinforcement":[79],"learning":[80],"method":[81,108],"yields":[83],"an":[84],"approximate":[85],"Pareto":[86],"front,":[87],"providing":[88],"set":[90],"(approximate)":[92],"optimal":[93],"solutions":[94],"catering":[95],"different":[97],"preferences":[98],"for":[99],"objectives.":[102],"The":[103],"performance":[104],"proposed":[107],"is":[109],"validated":[110],"by":[111],"comparing":[112],"it":[113],"integer":[115],"linear":[116],"programming,":[117],"simulated":[118],"annealing,":[119],"first":[120,123],"fit,":[121],"fit":[124],"decreasing":[125],"algorithms.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
