{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396731209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3393550","title":"Class-Imbalanced Spatial\u2013Temporal Feature Learning for Blade Icing Recognition of Wind Turbine","display_name":"Class-Imbalanced Spatial\u2013Temporal Feature Learning for Blade Icing Recognition of Wind Turbine","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396731209","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3393550"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2024.3393550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3393550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/98001a2c-2934-4606-b2bd-86cb64385d1c","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075023462","display_name":"Renfang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315279114","display_name":"Zhejiang Wanli University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjdhd62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315279114"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Renfang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data and Software, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data and Software, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315279114"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070348137","display_name":"Hong Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3787-484X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315279114","display_name":"Zhejiang Wanli University","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjdhd62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315279114"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Big Data and Software, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Big Data and Software, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315279114"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038876302","display_name":"Guoqian Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1813-8249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqian Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100735899","display_name":"Xiufeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5133-6688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiufeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007813793","display_name":"Xu Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5336-7952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Technology, Management and Economics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075023462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315279114"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.2905,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98849257,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"8","first_page":"10249","last_page":"10258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12696","display_name":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12696","display_name":"Icing and De-icing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12682","display_name":"Smart Materials for Construction","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icing","display_name":"Icing","score":0.7280122637748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blade","display_name":"Blade (archaeology)","score":0.665877103805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5956478118896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.5525755286216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5317764282226562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5250779986381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5171836614608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.4985322952270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4968717396259308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine-blade","display_name":"Turbine blade","score":0.4155386686325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40024125576019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3646836578845978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35570472478866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marine-engineering","display_name":"Marine engineering","score":0.3274223208427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3264930546283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.3032316565513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.17144516110420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.12684768438339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.10919341444969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.080172598361969}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781439067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5986479","display_name":"Icing","level":2,"score":0.7280122637748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776132848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045036","display_name":"Blade (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.665877103805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5956478118896484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.5525755286216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5317764282226562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5250779986381531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5171836614608765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.4985322952270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4968717396259308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20381859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829511","display_name":"Turbine blade","level":3,"score":0.4155386686325073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40024125576019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3646836578845978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35570472478866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199104240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118291","display_name":"Marine engineering","level":1,"score":0.3274223208427429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3264930546283722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3032316565513611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.17144516110420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.12684768438339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.10919341444969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.080172598361969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2024.3393550","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2024.3393550","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/98001a2c-2934-4606-b2bd-86cb64385d1c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/98001a2c-2934-4606-b2bd-86cb64385d1c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wang , R , Qiu , H , Jiang , G , Liu , X &amp; Cheng , X 2024 , ' Class-Imbalanced Spatial-Temporal Feature Learning for Blade Icing Recognition of Wind Turbine ' , IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics , vol. 20 , no. 8 , pp. 10249-10258 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2024.3393550","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/98001a2c-2934-4606-b2bd-86cb64385d1c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/98001a2c-2934-4606-b2bd-86cb64385d1c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400705","display_name":"Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I96673099","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96673099"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wang , R , Qiu , H , Jiang , G , Liu , X &amp; Cheng , X 2024 , ' Class-Imbalanced Spatial-Temporal Feature Learning for Blade Icing Recognition of Wind Turbine ' , IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics , vol. 20 , no. 8 , pp. 10249-10258 . https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2024.3393550","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G661967040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61906170","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983698170","https://openalex.org/W2008547959","https://openalex.org/W2011232430","https://openalex.org/W2046223281","https://openalex.org/W2058397339","https://openalex.org/W2059323964","https://openalex.org/W2069612989","https://openalex.org/W2395121474","https://openalex.org/W2551393996","https://openalex.org/W2581867724","https://openalex.org/W2783323081","https://openalex.org/W2803498273","https://openalex.org/W2808496542","https://openalex.org/W2912677700","https://openalex.org/W2921707992","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963691377","https://openalex.org/W2981841850","https://openalex.org/W2998010409","https://openalex.org/W2998782644","https://openalex.org/W3044057088","https://openalex.org/W3175099672","https://openalex.org/W3175581607","https://openalex.org/W3188779816","https://openalex.org/W3189124218","https://openalex.org/W4210665260","https://openalex.org/W4282928985","https://openalex.org/W4309332682","https://openalex.org/W6680587008","https://openalex.org/W6758969204","https://openalex.org/W6764733053","https://openalex.org/W6780957418"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143306497","https://openalex.org/W2744747489","https://openalex.org/W3214712242","https://openalex.org/W2542556245","https://openalex.org/W3204461065","https://openalex.org/W1965417009","https://openalex.org/W3008398540","https://openalex.org/W2018320994","https://openalex.org/W2460685830","https://openalex.org/W2042189793"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blade":[0],"icing":[1,55,83],"detection":[2,30],"is":[3,137],"vital":[4],"for":[5,103],"wind":[6,131],"turbines":[7],"in":[8,58,78,143],"cold":[9],"climates,":[10],"as":[11],"it":[12],"can":[13],"prevent":[14],"revenue":[15],"loss":[16],"and":[17,50,61,111,128],"power":[18],"degradation.":[19],"Many":[20],"machine":[21],"learning":[22],"models":[23],"have":[24],"been":[25],"proposed":[26],"to":[27,44,72,80,115],"improve":[28,116],"the":[29,45,51,99,106,121,129,144],"of":[31,47,53,75,108,139,146],"blade":[32,54,82],"icing;":[33],"however,":[34],"earlier":[35],"studies":[36],"do":[37],"not":[38],"adequately":[39],"address":[40,73],"these":[41,76],"issues":[42],"due":[43],"dynamics":[46,107],"sensor":[48,109],"correlations":[49,110],"imbalance":[52],"data,":[56],"resulting":[57],"low":[59],"precision":[60],"a":[62,91,112],"high":[63],"false":[64],"alarm":[65],"rate.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68,87],"study,":[69],"we":[70,89],"aim":[71],"both":[74],"challenges":[77],"order":[79],"identify":[81],"more":[84],"accurately.":[85],"On":[86],"premise,":[88],"develop":[90],"spatial\u2013temporal":[92],"graph":[93,100],"convolutional":[94,101],"network":[95,102],"(SGCN)":[96],"that":[97,135],"leverages":[98],"adaptively":[104],"analyzing":[105],"distance-based":[113],"classifier":[114],"imbalanced":[117,148],"learning.":[118],"Experiments":[119],"on":[120],"public":[122],"UEA":[123],"time":[124],"series":[125],"classification":[126],"datasets":[127,133],"real-world":[130],"turbine":[132],"indicate":[134],"SGCN":[136],"capable":[138],"state-of-the-art":[140],"accuracy,":[141],"especially":[142],"case":[145],"extremely":[147],"data.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
