{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388691826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3329650","title":"Steering Feedback Torque Prediction Based on Sequence-to-Sequence Network With Switcher-Assisted Training Algorithm","display_name":"Steering Feedback Torque Prediction Based on Sequence-to-Sequence Network With Switcher-Assisted Training Algorithm","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388691826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3329650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2023.3329650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3329650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045900743","display_name":"Yicai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-2947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yicai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5181-2947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guowang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-7212"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guowang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-7212","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4803-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4803-4955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087924040","display_name":"Changyao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-5080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changyao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-5080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369995","display_name":"Xiangyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-639X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-639X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441194","display_name":"Liang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-408X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1577-408X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109578560","display_name":"Xun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1659,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77623929,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"4894","last_page":"4905"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10805","display_name":"Vehicle Dynamics and Control Systems","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12907","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering and Vibrations Research","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12759","display_name":"Vehicle Noise and Vibration Control","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/torque","display_name":"Torque","score":0.56666100025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5666249394416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5580682754516602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4954572916030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.48120027780532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4628623425960541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.390191912651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36193719506263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34976762533187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.333512544631958}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144171764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48103","display_name":"Torque","level":2,"score":0.56666100025177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5666249394416809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5580682754516602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4954572916030884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48120027780532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4628623425960541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.390191912651062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36193719506263733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34976762533187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.333512544631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2023.3329650","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3329650","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5207014074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52002213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060422220","https://openalex.org/W2070882492","https://openalex.org/W2125156211","https://openalex.org/W2157265953","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2415399647","https://openalex.org/W2469904294","https://openalex.org/W2558042854","https://openalex.org/W2744790985","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2761857213","https://openalex.org/W2779400353","https://openalex.org/W2929340338","https://openalex.org/W2945559911","https://openalex.org/W2968831808","https://openalex.org/W2979729673","https://openalex.org/W3008841692","https://openalex.org/W3026508739","https://openalex.org/W3026881828","https://openalex.org/W3028406737","https://openalex.org/W3037228748","https://openalex.org/W3037755697","https://openalex.org/W3044587771","https://openalex.org/W3085046840","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3174170836","https://openalex.org/W3216717623","https://openalex.org/W4205493642","https://openalex.org/W4225515503","https://openalex.org/W4287889975","https://openalex.org/W4294325596","https://openalex.org/W6621543089","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6685202862","https://openalex.org/W6728610325","https://openalex.org/W6780226713"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2180954594","https://openalex.org/W2052835778","https://openalex.org/W2049003611","https://openalex.org/W2108418243","https://openalex.org/W2127804977","https://openalex.org/W164103134","https://openalex.org/W2787352659","https://openalex.org/W1970611213","https://openalex.org/W4206560911","https://openalex.org/W4372260270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,79,97,159,188,202],"steer-by-wire":[1],"(SbW)":[2],"system":[3],"has":[4],"gained":[5],"recognition":[6],"as":[7,18,146,155],"the":[8,24,30,42,47,51,57,69,74,82,94,109,113,123,130,135,147,156,179,192,210,216,220],"future":[9],"of":[10,26,32,81,137,212],"intelligent":[11],"vehicles":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,45,92,117,128,178,208,238],"its":[15],"attributes,":[16],"such":[17],"safety,":[19],"simplification,":[20],"and":[21,61,87,150,200,215,227,241],"flexibility.":[22],"However,":[23],"elimination":[25],"mechanical":[27],"linkage":[28],"necessitates":[29],"provision":[31],"artificial":[33],"steering":[34,52,85],"feedback":[35],"torque":[36,228],"(SFT),":[37],"which":[38],"is":[39,105,126,144,153,230],"crucial":[40],"for":[41],"potential":[43],"driver":[44],"manipulate":[46],"vehicle.":[48],"To":[49],"enhance":[50],"feel,":[53],"this":[54],"article":[55],"extends":[56],"SFT":[58,64,221],"design":[59],"range":[60],"proposes":[62],"an":[63,167],"prediction":[65,226,235],"scheme":[66,111,194],"based":[67,133],"on":[68,134],"sequence-to-sequence":[70],"(S2S)":[71],"network":[72,99,169],"with":[73,100],"switcher-assisted":[75],"(SA)":[76],"training":[77,143,152],"algorithm.":[78,218],"models":[80],"electric":[83],"power":[84],"(EPS)":[86],"SbW":[88],"are":[89,164,205],"first":[90],"established":[91],"analyze":[93],"input":[95],"features.":[96],"S2S":[98],"gated":[101],"recurrent":[102],"units":[103],"(GRU)":[104],"then":[106],"presented,":[107],"where":[108],"encoder":[110],"incorporates":[112],"squeeze-and-excitation":[114],"(SE)":[115],"operation":[116],"achieve":[118],"adaptive":[119],"feature":[120],"recalibration.":[121],"Subsequently,":[122],"SA":[124,217],"algorithm":[125],"proposed":[127,193],"alleviate":[129],"exposure":[131],"bias":[132],"principle":[136],"multitask":[138],"learning":[139],"(MTL),":[140],"wherein":[141],"online":[142],"regarded":[145],"main":[148,181],"task":[149],"offline":[151],"treated":[154],"auxiliary":[157],"task.":[158],"weighting":[160],"coefficients":[161],"between":[162],"tasks":[163],"optimized":[165],"using":[166],"assisted":[168],"named":[170],"switcher,":[171],"facilitating":[172],"a":[173],"gradual":[174],"transition":[175],"from":[176],"MTL":[177],"single":[180],"task,":[182],"thereby":[183],"avoiding":[184],"complex":[185],"tuning":[186],"processes.":[187],"validation":[189],"results":[190],"indicate":[191],"outperforms":[195],"existing":[196],"methods":[197],"regarding":[198],"estimation":[199],"prediction.":[201],"ablation":[203],"experiments":[204],"further":[206],"conducted":[207],"illustrate":[209],"effectiveness":[211],"SE":[213],"blocks":[214],"Finally,":[219],"construction":[222],"simulation,":[223],"involving":[224],"target":[225],"tracking,":[229],"conducted,":[231],"validating":[232],"that":[233],"variable-length":[234],"can":[236],"adapt":[237],"various":[239],"conditions":[240],"improve":[242],"tracking":[243],"performance.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}