{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388430742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3324949","title":"AERO: Automotive Ethernet Real-Time Observer for Anomaly Detection in In-Vehicle Networks","display_name":"AERO: Automotive Ethernet Real-Time Observer for Anomaly Detection in In-Vehicle Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388430742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3324949"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2023.3324949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3324949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003964842","display_name":"Seong Hoon Jeong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5638-2851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seonghoon Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5638-2851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cybersecurity and Privacy, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091602017","display_name":"Huy Kang Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-8807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huy Kang Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-8807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069722836","display_name":"Mee Lan Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-3788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mee Lan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI Cyber Security, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-3788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI Cyber Security, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063105336","display_name":"Byung Il Kwak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146824383","display_name":"Hallym University","ror":"https://ror.org/03sbhge02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byung Il Kwak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-4580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Software, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146824383"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5622,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95265481,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"4651","last_page":"4662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6449174880981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-industry","display_name":"Automotive industry","score":0.6175045371055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethernet","display_name":"Ethernet","score":0.6119340062141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5788336992263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5429841876029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5381193161010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4605630040168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-electronics","display_name":"Automotive electronics","score":0.43627768754959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4204743504524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40836963057518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29916781187057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21500980854034424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6449174880981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.6175045371055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172173386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79984","display_name":"Ethernet","level":2,"score":0.6119340062141418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5788336992263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5429841876029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5381193161010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4605630040168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778520156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q449343","display_name":"Automotive electronics","level":3,"score":0.43627768754959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4204743504524231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40836963057518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29916781187057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21500980854034424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2023.3324949","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3324949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6637135835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2021-KA162334","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324625","funder_display_name":"Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8513408688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022R1A4A1033600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322010","display_name":"Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/04xt5aa77"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324625","display_name":"Korea Agency for Infrastructure Technology Advancement","ror":"https://ror.org/00rxf7n07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2250670532","https://openalex.org/W2342878105","https://openalex.org/W2783748519","https://openalex.org/W2924689635","https://openalex.org/W2945012921","https://openalex.org/W2975612534","https://openalex.org/W3048207230","https://openalex.org/W3105939760","https://openalex.org/W3106212564","https://openalex.org/W3109037541","https://openalex.org/W3128979643","https://openalex.org/W3164317619","https://openalex.org/W3217757291","https://openalex.org/W4205799444","https://openalex.org/W4229643499","https://openalex.org/W4254715096","https://openalex.org/W4286214377","https://openalex.org/W4286285588","https://openalex.org/W4288061065","https://openalex.org/W4311080744","https://openalex.org/W4366957357","https://openalex.org/W4386214453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2758348730","https://openalex.org/W2132658806","https://openalex.org/W3210666397","https://openalex.org/W2350662357","https://openalex.org/W2972765784","https://openalex.org/W2160915513","https://openalex.org/W2378051443","https://openalex.org/W3036272329","https://openalex.org/W2990981562","https://openalex.org/W2885986920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automotive":[0],"Ethernet":[1,47,59,115],"enables":[2],"high-bandwidth":[3],"in-vehicle":[4,70],"networking,":[5],"facilitating":[6],"the":[7,17,90,107,112],"transmission":[8],"of":[9,44,74,109],"sensor":[10],"data":[11],"among":[12],"electronic":[13],"control":[14],"units.":[15],"However,":[16],"increasing":[18],"connectivity":[19],"and":[20,26,49,93,133],"potential":[21],"vulnerability":[22],"inheritance":[23],"in":[24,102],"connected":[25],"autonomous":[27],"vehicles":[28],"expose":[29],"them":[30],"to":[31,68,137],"security":[32],"risks.":[33],"To":[34],"address":[35],"this":[36],"challenge,":[37],"an":[38,63,94],"intrusion":[39,116],"detection":[40,126],"system":[41],"(IDS)":[42],"capable":[43],"analyzing":[45],"automotive":[46,58,114],"traffic":[48],"detecting":[50],"anomalies":[51],"is":[52,134],"essential.":[53],"In":[54],"thisarticle,":[55],"we":[56],"propose":[57],"real-time":[60,141],"observer":[61],"(AERO),":[62],"unsupervised":[64],"network":[65,87],"IDS":[66],"designed":[67],"protect":[69],"networks.":[71],"AERO":[72,110,123],"consists":[73],"three":[75,82],"components:":[76],"a":[77,85],"feature":[78],"extractor":[79],"that":[80,98,122],"constructs":[81],"multimodal":[83],"features,":[84,92],"neural":[86],"for":[88,140],"processing":[89],"extracted":[91],"online":[95],"anomaly":[96,142],"detector":[97],"calculates":[99],"outlier":[100],"scores":[101],"real":[103],"time.":[104],"We":[105],"evaluate":[106],"performance":[108,127],"using":[111],"TOW-IDS":[113],"dataset.":[117],"The":[118],"experimental":[119],"results":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"achieves":[124],"high":[125],"across":[128],"five":[129],"different":[130],"attack":[131],"types":[132],"highly":[135],"applicable":[136],"automotive-grade":[138],"devices":[139],"detection.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
