{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4382366172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3290184","title":"$\\text{Offset}^{3}\\text{Net}$: Simple Joint 3-D Detection and Tracking With Three-Step Offset Learning","display_name":"$\\text{Offset}^{3}\\text{Net}$: Simple Joint 3-D Detection and Tracking With Three-Step Offset Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4382366172","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3290184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2023.3290184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3290184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700551","display_name":"Jing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4608-6033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053206926","display_name":"Yimu Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7019-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Mu Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081879366","display_name":"Jing He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6488-1052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing He","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039792198","display_name":"Fei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-4947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automation and College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automation and College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100629960","display_name":"Yanfei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-1545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanfei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100700551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9224,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87355065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"2284","last_page":"2294"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.8021272420883179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.584629476070404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5662024021148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5116925239562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4987022876739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.45539775490760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bipartite-graph","display_name":"Bipartite graph","score":0.44428810477256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.33888155221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.27063003182411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.2066994309425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.17742738127708435}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.8021272420883179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.584629476070404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5662024021148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5116925239562988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4987022876739502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.45539775490760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197657726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174733","display_name":"Bipartite graph","level":3,"score":0.44428810477256775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.33888155221939087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27063003182411194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2066994309425354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.17742738127708435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2023.3290184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3290184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1623347460","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62076139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1935978687","https://openalex.org/W2029535991","https://openalex.org/W2222512263","https://openalex.org/W2252355370","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2606438808","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2962803115","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2981857055","https://openalex.org/W2988715931","https://openalex.org/W3016711424","https://openalex.org/W3034295100","https://openalex.org/W3034314779","https://openalex.org/W3034602892","https://openalex.org/W3034782805","https://openalex.org/W3035410385","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3035641096","https://openalex.org/W3084173793","https://openalex.org/W3088681345","https://openalex.org/W3095753995","https://openalex.org/W3104218139","https://openalex.org/W3106763294","https://openalex.org/W3113005610","https://openalex.org/W3114753236","https://openalex.org/W3118250615","https://openalex.org/W3132607695","https://openalex.org/W3165926952","https://openalex.org/W3167095230","https://openalex.org/W3207707490","https://openalex.org/W4210428856","https://openalex.org/W6767379092","https://openalex.org/W6790487882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389065903","https://openalex.org/W2385949326","https://openalex.org/W1966005655","https://openalex.org/W3135795035","https://openalex.org/W2789220062","https://openalex.org/W2811496562","https://openalex.org/W2094665863","https://openalex.org/W2071984725","https://openalex.org/W2185534064","https://openalex.org/W2136595788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Light-detection-and-ranging-based":[0],"multiobject":[1],"detection":[2,14,56,139,217],"and":[3,15,35,41,57,90,131,140,166,185,191,211,218],"tracking":[4,16,58,219],"play":[5],"fundamental":[6],"roles":[7],"in":[8,207],"autonomous":[9],"driving":[10],"systems.":[11],"Most":[12],"existing":[13],"methods":[17],"inevitably":[18],"require":[19],"complex":[20,101],"pairing":[21],"permutations":[22],"for":[23,154],"object":[24,183],"association":[25,92,133,156],"across":[26],"frames,":[27],"making":[28],"the":[29,33,46,100,106,110,117,121,124,128,132,136,144,164,178,182,189,199],"framework":[30],"slow.":[31],"Moreover,":[32],"occlusion":[34],"viewpoint":[36],"changes":[37],"lead":[38],"to":[39,80,112,127],"missed":[40,190],"false":[42,192],"detection.":[43,193],"To":[44],"solve":[45],"abovementioned":[47,97],"issues,":[48],"this":[49],"article":[50],"proposes":[51],"a":[52,148,158,173],"simple":[53,149],"joint":[54],"3-D":[55,216],"approach":[59],"with":[60,214],"three-step":[61],"offset":[62,108,119,134],"learning":[63,95],"(":[64],"<inline-formula":[65,71,203],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[66,72,204],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[67,73,205],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text{Offset}^{3}\\text{Net}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[68,74,206],").":[69],"Specifically,":[70,105],"incorporates":[75],"three":[76,82],"task-specific":[77],"output":[78],"subnetworks":[79],"learn":[81],"offsets:":[83],"1)":[84],"center":[85,107],"offset,":[86,89],"2)":[87],"motion":[88,118,184],"3)":[91],"offset.":[93],"The":[94],"of":[96,143,181,201,209],"offsets":[98],"eliminates":[99],"bipartite":[102],"matching":[103],"processing.":[104],"guides":[109],"model":[111],"generate":[113],"precise":[114],"detections,":[115],"whereas":[116],"transforms":[120],"track":[122,142],"from":[123],"previous":[125],"frame":[126],"current":[129],"frame,":[130],"minimizes":[135],"distance":[137],"between":[138],"motion-updated":[141],"same":[145],"object.":[146],"Then,":[147],"read-off":[150],"operation":[151],"is":[152],"conducted":[153],"data":[155],"on":[157,195],"hybrid-time":[159],"centerness":[160],"map,":[161],"which":[162],"represents":[163],"detections":[165],"offset-updated":[167],"tracks.":[168],"In":[169],"addition,":[170],"we":[171],"design":[172],"detection-feature-enhanced":[174],"module":[175],"that":[176],"captures":[177],"temporal":[179],"coherence":[180],"appearance":[186],"information,":[187],"avoiding":[188],"Experiments":[194],"nuScenes":[196],"have":[197],"demonstrated":[198],"effectiveness":[200],"our":[202],"terms":[208],"accuracy":[210],"speed":[212],"compared":[213],"most":[215],"methods.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}