{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321021115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3244329","title":"ECS-Grid: Data-Oriented Real-Time Simulation Platform for Cyber-Physical Power Systems","display_name":"ECS-Grid: Data-Oriented Real-Time Simulation Platform for Cyber-Physical Power Systems","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321021115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3244329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2023.3244329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3244329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010253287","display_name":"Tianshi Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-7368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianshi Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-7368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069246871","display_name":"Tong Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3931-021X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3931-021X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020137191","display_name":"Venkata Dinavahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-9547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venkata Dinavahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7438-9547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9255,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90767151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"11","first_page":"11128","last_page":"11138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12810","display_name":"Real-time simulation and control systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11195","display_name":"Simulation Techniques and Applications","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-physical-system","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","score":0.6852506995201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6332729458808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.626621425151825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4933609068393707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.46733176708221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.43401825428009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.41893115639686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.41451597213745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39735549688339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2840641140937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2508774995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2159099578857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11713233590126038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.6852506995201111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6332729458808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.626621425151825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4933609068393707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.46733176708221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.43401825428009033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.41893115639686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.41451597213745117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39735549688339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2840641140937805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2508774995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2159099578857422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11713233590126038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2023.3244329","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2023.3244329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994807158","https://openalex.org/W2000044792","https://openalex.org/W2001898073","https://openalex.org/W2053264041","https://openalex.org/W2086981207","https://openalex.org/W2171120269","https://openalex.org/W2330358177","https://openalex.org/W2465065960","https://openalex.org/W2510522738","https://openalex.org/W2551233363","https://openalex.org/W2737628516","https://openalex.org/W2757615817","https://openalex.org/W2774202723","https://openalex.org/W2914852470","https://openalex.org/W2948976565","https://openalex.org/W2954389172","https://openalex.org/W2957840620","https://openalex.org/W3003829957","https://openalex.org/W3040141519","https://openalex.org/W3049666257","https://openalex.org/W4206464364"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W2057975886","https://openalex.org/W4308700935","https://openalex.org/W1574359403","https://openalex.org/W2356033827","https://openalex.org/W2391138633","https://openalex.org/W4206134051","https://openalex.org/W2907234787","https://openalex.org/W4285503559","https://openalex.org/W2768554084"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ECS-Grid":[0,40,66,155],"is":[1,26,132,146],"the":[2,38,95,103,106,135,161,164,171],"first":[3],"data-oriented":[4,45,166],"real-time":[5,144],"electromagnetic":[6],"transient":[7],"simulation":[8,16,175],"platform":[9,41],"for":[10],"cyber-physical":[11,35,63],"power":[12],"systems":[13],"(CPPS).":[14],"Traditional":[15],"tools":[17],"are":[18,123],"constrained":[19],"by":[20],"object-oriented":[21],"programming":[22],"(OOP)":[23],"architecture,":[24],"which":[25,53],"now":[27],"a":[28,33,43,68,111,118],"significant":[29],"obstruction":[30],"to":[31,61,76,85],"creating":[32],"comprehensive":[34],"simulation.":[36],"Therefore,":[37],"proposed":[39,96],"follows":[42],"new":[44],"paradigm":[46,167],"based":[47,116],"on":[48,110,117,134,148],"an":[49],"entity-component-system":[50],"(ECS)":[51],"framework,":[52],"delivers":[54],"higher":[55],"flexibility,":[56],"extensibility,":[57],"scalability,":[58],"and":[59,88,105,125,143,157,168],"performance":[60,131,145],"support":[62],"system":[64,122],"research.":[65],"proposes":[67],"layer":[69],"of":[70,163,173],"virtual":[71],"intelligent":[72],"electronic":[73],"devices":[74],"(vIEDs)":[75],"model":[77],"IEDs":[78],"in":[79],"CPPSs.":[80],"The":[81,154],"vIEDs":[82],"directly":[83],"talk":[84],"physical":[86],"components":[87],"communicate":[89],"asynchronously":[90],"with":[91,102],"cyber":[92],"services":[93],"via":[94],"high-performance":[97],"JSON-like":[98],"binary":[99],"protocol.":[100],"Tests":[101],"islanding":[104],"man-in-the-middle":[107],"cyberattack":[108],"scenarios":[109],"711-node":[112],"ac\u2013dc":[113],"microgrid":[114],"cluster":[115],"modified":[119],"CIGRE":[120],"15-Bus":[121],"performed":[124],"give":[126],"accurate":[127],"results.":[128],"A":[129],"faster-than-real-time":[130],"achieved":[133,147],"10th":[136],"Gen":[137],"Intel":[138],"Core":[139],"TM":[140],"i7":[141],"computer,":[142],"distributed":[149],"embedded":[150],"NVIDIA":[151],"Jetson":[152],"platform.":[153],"design":[156],"test":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"potential":[162],"ECS":[165],"may":[169],"inspire":[170],"renovation":[172],"industrial":[174],"software.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}