{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312287581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3217499","title":"Edge-Oriented Social Distance Monitoring System Based on MTCNN","display_name":"Edge-Oriented Social Distance Monitoring System Based on MTCNN","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312287581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3217499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3217499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3217499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033235219","display_name":"Erick C. Valverde","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erick C. Valverde","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045779225","display_name":"Oroceo Paul Angelo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9305-6278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul P. Oroceo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9305-6278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087459919","display_name":"Angela C. Caliwag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0279-935X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angela C. Caliwag","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0279-935X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022126218","display_name":"Muhammad Adib Kamali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-4358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Adib Kamali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1013-4358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006943300","display_name":"Wansu Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-3496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113409471","display_name":"Kumoh National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05dkjfz60","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wansu Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2533-3496","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics, Mechanical and Electronic Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113409471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048593875","display_name":"Martin Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-3915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39481719","display_name":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/04td37d32","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39481719","https://openalex.org/I49663120"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Zeitgeist Laboratory, INRS, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-3915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Zeitgeist Laboratory, INRS, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39481719"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4894,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63487961,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"8","first_page":"8654","last_page":"8666"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.7792539596557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7529129981994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.5942528247833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5927345156669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5787302255630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5227751135826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5187973380088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4261522889137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3274208605289459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.09204027056694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08290019631385803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.7792539596557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7529129981994629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.5942528247833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5927345156669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5787302255630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5227751135826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5187973380088806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4261522889137268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3274208605289459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.09204027056694031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08290019631385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3217499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3217499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1740444626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1A4A1017775","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3801796047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021R1I1A3056900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1976948919","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2903711666","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963705844","https://openalex.org/W3000086329","https://openalex.org/W3004998825","https://openalex.org/W3034714646","https://openalex.org/W3035209322","https://openalex.org/W3049488498","https://openalex.org/W3080889385","https://openalex.org/W3083069244","https://openalex.org/W3091661482","https://openalex.org/W3091825101","https://openalex.org/W3096609285","https://openalex.org/W3099507701","https://openalex.org/W3101998545","https://openalex.org/W3103847889","https://openalex.org/W3122423389","https://openalex.org/W3124304280","https://openalex.org/W3126292733","https://openalex.org/W3126956414","https://openalex.org/W3130875094","https://openalex.org/W3131321978","https://openalex.org/W3137147200","https://openalex.org/W3139414613","https://openalex.org/W3153088880","https://openalex.org/W3155893492","https://openalex.org/W3157808808","https://openalex.org/W3164612304","https://openalex.org/W3165672337","https://openalex.org/W3166622925","https://openalex.org/W3173163073","https://openalex.org/W3176909414","https://openalex.org/W3181998714","https://openalex.org/W3194679409","https://openalex.org/W3208096854","https://openalex.org/W4210354263","https://openalex.org/W4223963537","https://openalex.org/W4290714886","https://openalex.org/W4291653248","https://openalex.org/W4293370944","https://openalex.org/W4310467366","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W6760424586","https://openalex.org/W6781723495","https://openalex.org/W6788972877","https://openalex.org/W6791940793","https://openalex.org/W6792881045","https://openalex.org/W6796223860","https://openalex.org/W6840663683","https://openalex.org/W6849520326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Social":[0],"distance":[1,24,75,108],"monitoring":[2],"(SDM)":[3],"systems":[4,17],"are":[5,66],"vital":[6],"in":[7,31],"fighting":[8],"the":[9,12,28,74,82,90,100,107,128,137,141,148,153,172],"spread":[10],"of":[11,53,64,78,106,125,130],"coronavirus":[13],"(COVID-19).":[14],"Existing":[15],"SDM":[16,40,91,149,168,174],"employ":[18],"bounding":[19,55],"box-method,":[20],"which":[21],"imposes":[22],"inaccurate":[23],"estimation":[25,76,109],"due":[26,98],"to":[27,68,99,122,179],"high":[29],"variance":[30],"its":[32,132],"output":[33],"coordinates.":[34],"To":[35,111],"solve":[36],"this":[37,114],"problem,":[38],"an":[39],"system":[41,92,150,175],"based":[42,151],"on":[43,104,152,183],"multitask":[44],"cascaded":[45,101],"convolutional":[46],"neural":[47],"networks":[48,102],"(MTCNN)":[49],"is":[50,85,120],"proposed.":[51],"Instead":[52],"using":[54,88,176],"box":[56],"coordinates,":[57],"face":[58],"detection":[59],"and":[60,72],"facial":[61],"landmarks":[62],"localization":[63],"MTCNN":[65,126,155,178],"used":[67],"provide":[69],"fixed":[70],"coordinates":[71],"increase":[73],"accuracy":[77,83,158],"SDM.":[79],"However,":[80],"while":[81,135],"issue":[84],"solved":[86],"by":[87],"MTCNN,":[89],"suffer":[93],"from":[94],"large":[95],"computational":[96,162],"requirements":[97,134,163],"added":[103],"top":[105],"process.":[110],"deal":[112],"with":[113,127,160,166],"challenge,":[115],"a":[116],"constrained":[117],"optimization":[118],"technique":[119],"employed":[121],"each":[123],"stage":[124],"goal":[129],"reducing":[131],"hardware":[133],"keeping":[136],"same":[138],"reliability":[139],"as":[140,164],"original":[142],"implementation.":[143],"Experimental":[144],"results":[145],"show":[146],"that":[147],"optimized":[154,177],"achieves":[156],"higher":[157],"performance":[159],"reduced":[161],"compared":[165],"conventional":[167],"systems.":[169],"This":[170],"allows":[171],"proposed":[173],"be":[180],"deployed":[181],"efficiently":[182],"edge":[184],"devices.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}