{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312729628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3211321","title":"Shape Parameter Estimation of <i>K</i>-Distributed Sea Clutter Using Neural Network and Multisample Percentile in Radar Industry","display_name":"Shape Parameter Estimation of <i>K</i>-Distributed Sea Clutter Using Neural Network and Multisample Percentile in Radar Industry","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312729628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3211321"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3211321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3211321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069936151","display_name":"Jian Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0858-2351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jian Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xi&#x0027;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xi&#x0027;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102499932","display_name":"Mengling Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengling Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xi&#x0027;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xi&#x0027;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100361920","display_name":"Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7193-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072219013","display_name":"Shuwen Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3557-5897"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuwen Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Laboratory of Radar Signal Processing, Xidian University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065107305","display_name":"Meiyan Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9839-0171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097119","display_name":"PLA Electronic Engineering Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00z0n4g71","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210097119"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiyan Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi&#x0027;an Electronic Engineering Research Institute, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x0027;an Electronic Engineering Research Institute, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097119"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069936151"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96860479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"6","first_page":"7602","last_page":"7612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11698","display_name":"Underwater Acoustics Research","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5555190443992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.5427356958389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5413406491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.5222911834716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.5198314785957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4809681475162506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.4194732904434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4120887815952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4044520854949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.36972835659980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.334212064743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.07472610473632812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5555190443992615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5427356958389282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5413406491279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.5222911834716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.5198314785957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4809681475162506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4194732904434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4120887815952301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4044520854949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.36972835659980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.334212064743042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.07472610473632812}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3211321","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3211321","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3580731644","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871469","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3631228094","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201455","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4848329531","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2208085J17","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5905905807","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322847","display_name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/031141b54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334897","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971078417","https://openalex.org/W1974745854","https://openalex.org/W1996176293","https://openalex.org/W1996869837","https://openalex.org/W2014954803","https://openalex.org/W2056902548","https://openalex.org/W2080337061","https://openalex.org/W2087198915","https://openalex.org/W2119456667","https://openalex.org/W2121928666","https://openalex.org/W2122564843","https://openalex.org/W2123684284","https://openalex.org/W2132617208","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2169290000","https://openalex.org/W2342863569","https://openalex.org/W2521409268","https://openalex.org/W2765292172","https://openalex.org/W2993720822","https://openalex.org/W2994484672","https://openalex.org/W3013072932","https://openalex.org/W3102477977","https://openalex.org/W3121076645","https://openalex.org/W3198943004","https://openalex.org/W4214693460","https://openalex.org/W4226483316","https://openalex.org/W4255375128"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130674020","https://openalex.org/W2093748878","https://openalex.org/W2333771223","https://openalex.org/W2120056845","https://openalex.org/W2115214301","https://openalex.org/W1981531423","https://openalex.org/W2070318884","https://openalex.org/W1679012645","https://openalex.org/W2011939812","https://openalex.org/W1977371217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,46,135],"consider":[4],"the":[5,12,23,38,43,55,89,93,97,108,118,121,133,172,175,206,214,229,233,238,241,280,287],"problem":[6],"of":[7,15,72,99,110,123,152,177,279,289],"robustly":[8],"and":[9,75,96,102,159,197,204,226,250,271,274],"accurately":[10],"estimating":[11],"shape":[13,56,94,281],"parameters":[14],"<italic":[16],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[17,59,64,84,146,156,167,191,217,244,258],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">K</i>":[18],"-distributed":[19],"sea":[20],"clutter":[21],"in":[22,105,132,174],"maritime":[24],"radar":[25],"industry.":[26],"Outliers":[27],"formed":[28],"by":[29],"non-sea-surface":[30],"echoes":[31],"have":[32],"a":[33,49,70,76,160,252],"significant":[34],"negative":[35],"impact":[36],"on":[37,269],"estimation":[39,44],"accuracy.":[40],"To":[41],"improve":[42],"performance,":[45],"first":[47],"propose":[48],"bipercentiles":[50],"feedforward":[51,78],"neural":[52,79,139],"network":[53,140],"for":[54],"parameter":[57,95,282],"<inline-formula":[58,63,83,145,155,166,190,216,243,257],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[60,65,85,147,157,168,192,218,245,259],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\eta$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[61,66,86,148,158,169,193,219,246,260],"(BP-FFNN-":[62],"),":[67,149],"which":[68,150],"utilizes":[69],"ratio":[71,98],"two":[73,100],"percentiles":[74],"two-hidden-layer":[77],"network.":[80,163],"The":[81,164,255],"BP-FFNN-":[82,189,215,242],"can":[87,103,170,183,261,283],"learn":[88],"mathematical":[90],"relationship":[91],"between":[92],"percentiles,":[101],"work":[104],"environments":[106],"where":[107,120],"number":[109,122,288],"outliers":[111,124,290],"is":[112,125],"approximately":[113],"known.":[114],"Moreover,":[115],"to":[116,129,142,202],"solve":[117],"case":[119],"not":[126],"known":[127],"due":[128],"dynamic":[130],"changes":[131],"environment,":[134],"also":[136],"design":[137],"another":[138],"(referred":[141],"as":[143,232],"MBP-FFNN-":[144,165,256],"consists":[151],"multiple":[153],"BP-FFNNs-":[154],"multi-class":[161],"classification":[162,267],"perceive":[171],"change":[173],"proportion":[176],"outliers,":[178],"so":[179],"an":[180,187,276],"accurate":[181,277],"estimate":[182,278],"be":[184,284],"obtained":[185,285],"from":[186],"unaffected":[188],".":[194],"Finally,":[195],"training":[196],"test":[198],"data":[199],"are":[200],"constructed":[201],"train":[203],"evaluate":[205],"proposed":[207],"methods,":[208],"respectively.":[209],"Experimental":[210],"results":[211],"demonstrate":[212],"that":[213],"performs":[220],"better":[221],"than":[222,264],"traditional":[223],"moments-based":[224],"estimators,":[225],"has":[227],"almost":[228],"same":[230],"performance":[231],"tri-percentile":[234,239],"estimator.":[235],"Compared":[236],"with":[237],"estimator,":[240],"avoids":[247],"table":[248],"lookups,":[249],"produces":[251],"continuous":[253],"estimate.":[254],"achieve":[262],"more":[263],"97%":[265],"overall":[266],"accuracy":[268],"simulated":[270],"measured":[272],"data,":[273],"thus":[275],"when":[286],"varies.":[291]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}