{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291653329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3198676","title":"A Reflection-Based Channel Fingerprint to Locate Physically Intrusive Devices in ICS","display_name":"A Reflection-Based Channel Fingerprint to Locate Physically Intrusive Devices in ICS","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291653329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3198676"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3198676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3198676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001461627","display_name":"Pengfei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1240-1800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123254","display_name":"Thermal Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020jz8z49","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Infrastructure Cyber Security Research Center, Xi&#x0027;an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi&#x0027;an, China","School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1240-1800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Infrastructure Cyber Security Research Center, Xi&#x0027;an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101835164","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-1971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4075-1971","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100635948","display_name":"Xiangming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-0937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6261-0937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004320955","display_name":"Yuanyi Bao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyi Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101750656","display_name":"Dong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0686-8679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123254","display_name":"Thermal Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020jz8z49","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123254"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Infrastructure Cyber Security Research Center, Xi&#x0027;an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Infrastructure Cyber Security Research Center, Xi&#x0027;an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367785","display_name":"Wenqing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-6496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123254","display_name":"Thermal Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/020jz8z49","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123254"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Power Infrastructure Cyber Security Research Center, Xi&#x0027;an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Power Infrastructure Cyber Security Research Center, Xi&#x0027;an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123254"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736875","display_name":"Tong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8873-0352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014741232","display_name":"Zhuo Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2009-0168"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Henan Electric Power Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Henan Electric Power Research Institute, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101554099","display_name":"Ting Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7600-0934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x0027;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x0027;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7723495,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"5495","last_page":"5505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.7563413381576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reflection","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","score":0.7068793177604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.6833924055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6066702604293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5914015769958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5690377950668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5176746845245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4914437532424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.422751784324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.41605710983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.36451971530914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16367831826210022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7563413381576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65682993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056451","display_name":"Reflection (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.7068793177604675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.6833924055099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6066702604293823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5914015769958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5690377950668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5176746845245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4914437532424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.422751784324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.41605710983276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.36451971530914307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16367831826210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3198676","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3198676","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1054163106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M683520","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5065734402","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61833015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6387986177","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61721002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7672647333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499169139","https://openalex.org/W1996960305","https://openalex.org/W1999922708","https://openalex.org/W2024940752","https://openalex.org/W2089944128","https://openalex.org/W2110817709","https://openalex.org/W2125476932","https://openalex.org/W2137193414","https://openalex.org/W2151278541","https://openalex.org/W2167173702","https://openalex.org/W2295637543","https://openalex.org/W2340344720","https://openalex.org/W2579603034","https://openalex.org/W2790772609","https://openalex.org/W2802611747","https://openalex.org/W2884890985","https://openalex.org/W2889935894","https://openalex.org/W2890419336","https://openalex.org/W2903962102","https://openalex.org/W2921137937","https://openalex.org/W2963804058","https://openalex.org/W2978065494","https://openalex.org/W3015926726","https://openalex.org/W3016634017","https://openalex.org/W3044715923","https://openalex.org/W3091000802","https://openalex.org/W3131562228","https://openalex.org/W3213338431","https://openalex.org/W4206362926","https://openalex.org/W6719536112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014822659","https://openalex.org/W4362496757","https://openalex.org/W2566091814","https://openalex.org/W4389371618","https://openalex.org/W2051501574","https://openalex.org/W2117826006","https://openalex.org/W2114937328","https://openalex.org/W2148654711","https://openalex.org/W2608025327","https://openalex.org/W1621827506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,74,131],"hard":[2],"to":[3,39,76,104,117],"conduct":[4],"cyberattacks":[5],"in":[6,84,100],"industrial":[7],"control":[8],"systems":[9],"(ICSs)":[10],"because":[11],"most":[12],"underlying":[13],"networks":[14],"of":[15],"ICS":[16,51],"like":[17],"the":[18,25,32,36,45,50,53,85,92,101,106,110,120,125,127],"field":[19,86],"bus":[20,87],"network":[21,38],"are":[22],"isolated":[23],"from":[24],"internet.":[26,54],"However,":[27],"attackers":[28],"can":[29],"physically":[30,81],"connect":[31],"intrusive":[33,82,107,121],"device":[34],"into":[35],"target":[37],"launch":[40],"various":[41],"attacks,":[42],"which":[43],"bypasses":[44],"security":[46],"protection":[47],"mechanisms":[48],"between":[49],"and":[52,78,96],"Currently,":[55],"no":[56],"effective":[57],"measures":[58],"could":[59,114],"defend":[60],"against":[61],"such":[62],"unauthorized":[63],"physical":[64],"access":[65],"attacks.":[66],"In":[67,124],"this":[68],"article,":[69],"a":[70],"reflection-based":[71],"channel":[72,102],"fingerprint":[73,103],"proposed":[75,128],"detect":[77,105],"locate":[79],"these":[80],"devices":[83],"network.":[88],"We":[89],"theoretically":[90],"analyze":[91],"signal":[93],"reflection":[94],"characteristics":[95],"utilize":[97],"inevitable":[98],"changes":[99],"device.":[108],"Besides,":[109],"detected":[111],"anomaly":[112],"features":[113],"be":[115],"used":[116],"accurately":[118],"estimate":[119],"device's":[122],"location.":[123],"end,":[126],"method's":[129],"effectiveness":[130],"validated":[132],"through":[133],"extensive":[134],"simulation":[135],"experiments.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
