{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288391623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3194631","title":"Intensity-Modulated Fiber-Optic Sensor: A Novel Grid Measurement Unit","display_name":"Intensity-Modulated Fiber-Optic Sensor: A Novel Grid Measurement Unit","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288391623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3194631"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3194631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3194631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1959591","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000148796","display_name":"Wenxuan Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-2196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenxuan Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016583883","display_name":"Lingwei Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0021-6234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingwei Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005308915","display_name":"Sterling S. Rooke","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802706902","display_name":"Knoxville College","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxrp522","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802706902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sterling Sean Rooke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802706902","https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056822237","display_name":"Christopher J. Vizas","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher Vizas","raw_affiliation_strings":["SmartSenseCom, Vienna, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SmartSenseCom, Vienna, VA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013852935","display_name":"Victor Kaybulkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Kaybulkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["SmartSenseCom, Vienna, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SmartSenseCom, Vienna, VA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113491247","display_name":"Thomas J. King","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas J. King","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101948769","display_name":"Bailu Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9720-4098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bailu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685914","display_name":"Zhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3881-3405"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101920116","display_name":"Yilu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6707-9062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802706902","display_name":"Knoxville College","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxrp522","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802706902"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289243028","display_name":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01qz5mb56","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210159294"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yilu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA","Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802706902","https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075992669","display_name":"He Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4924-3543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75027704","display_name":"University of Tennessee at Knoxville","ror":"https://ror.org/020f3ap87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75027704"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802706902","display_name":"Knoxville College","ror":"https://ror.org/02bxrp522","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802706902"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802706902","https://openalex.org/I75027704"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000148796"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289243028"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6446,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66364933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"5566","last_page":"5575"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12510","display_name":"Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.6259315013885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transducer","display_name":"Transducer","score":0.5988261699676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.5192354321479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-transformer","display_name":"Current transformer","score":0.48719972372055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-power","display_name":"Optical power","score":0.48453062772750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-modulation","display_name":"Intensity modulation","score":0.4591043293476105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4541451930999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor-measurement-unit","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","score":0.42758649587631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41335806250572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.41171130537986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.40295296907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.39262425899505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3860539197921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.3804691433906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.3328862190246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3025999665260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2932455539703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25574952363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.20803341269493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19578143954277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-modulation","display_name":"Phase modulation","score":0.18135562539100647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.6259315013885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56318395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215928","display_name":"Transducer","level":2,"score":0.5988261699676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.5192354321479797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133770746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856535","display_name":"Current transformer","level":4,"score":0.48719972372055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.48453062772750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48925448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044344","display_name":"Intensity modulation","level":4,"score":0.4591043293476105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4541451930999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8290","display_name":"Phasor measurement unit","level":5,"score":0.42758649587631226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41335806250572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.41171130537986755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.40295296907424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.39262425899505615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3860539197921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.3804691433906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.3328862190246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3025999665260315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2932455539703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25574952363967896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.20803341269493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19578143954277039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.18135562539100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3194631","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3194631","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1959591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1959591","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1959591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:2000250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2000250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1959591","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1959591","pdf_url":"https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1959591","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6700000166893005}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288391623.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4288391623.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504128706","https://openalex.org/W2088860381","https://openalex.org/W2108260939","https://openalex.org/W2140542791","https://openalex.org/W2604585474","https://openalex.org/W2605570066","https://openalex.org/W2744084732","https://openalex.org/W2744153428","https://openalex.org/W2767343287","https://openalex.org/W2799422581","https://openalex.org/W2809089629","https://openalex.org/W2910379251","https://openalex.org/W2973479812","https://openalex.org/W3004664793","https://openalex.org/W3035548181","https://openalex.org/W3036689958","https://openalex.org/W3104721438","https://openalex.org/W3157007482","https://openalex.org/W3167461903","https://openalex.org/W3208654959","https://openalex.org/W4205586536","https://openalex.org/W4226482139","https://openalex.org/W4230289697","https://openalex.org/W4236798596","https://openalex.org/W4239652213","https://openalex.org/W4242508569","https://openalex.org/W7039355823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564500233","https://openalex.org/W2028471916","https://openalex.org/W2027377403","https://openalex.org/W2766771072","https://openalex.org/W2096980798","https://openalex.org/W1538400183","https://openalex.org/W2547260311","https://openalex.org/W2154842468","https://openalex.org/W1589114377","https://openalex.org/W2936212302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,33,61,129],"novel":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,22,32,81,108,133],"physical-displacement-based":[7],"power":[8,37,142],"grid":[9,38,131],"measuring":[10],"via":[11,48],"an":[12],"intensity-modulated":[13],"fiber-optic":[14,34],"sensor":[15],"(IMFOS).":[16],"An":[17],"IMFOS":[18,105,125],"utilizes":[19],"one":[20],"fiber":[21],"transmit":[23],"the":[24,49,53,65,69,73,83,104,109,124],"intensity":[25],"modulated":[26],"light":[27,85],"from":[28],"its":[29,135],"electro-optic":[30,87],"controller":[31],"probe.":[35],"The":[36,99],"voltage":[39],"and":[40,52,68,112,120],"current":[41,121],"can":[42],"induce":[43],"physical":[44],"displacements":[45],"in":[46,60,117,128,140],"transducers":[47],"piezoelectric":[50],"effect":[51],"Lorentz":[54],"law,":[55],"respectively,":[56],"which":[57],"then":[58],"result":[59,101],"distance":[62],"change":[63],"between":[64],"optical":[66],"probe":[67],"reflective":[70,84],"surface":[71],"of":[72],"transducers.":[74],"In":[75],"parallel,":[76],"multiple":[77],"fibers":[78],"are":[79],"used":[80],"collect":[82],"for":[86,96,137],"conversion.":[88],"A":[89],"National-Instruments-based":[90],"characterization":[91],"platform":[92],"is":[93,106,126],"set":[94],"up":[95],"performance":[97],"evaluation.":[98],"testing":[100],"demonstrates":[102],"that":[103],"immune":[107],"inherent":[110],"dc":[111],"low-frequency":[113],"saturation":[114],"issues":[115],"prevalent":[116],"conventional":[118],"potential":[119],"transformers.":[122],"Finally,":[123],"implemented":[127],"universal":[130],"analyzer":[132],"illustrate":[134],"applicability":[136],"phasor":[138],"estimation":[139],"actual":[141],"grids.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}