{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285251228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3179733","title":"A Scalable Two-Layer Blockchain System for Distributed Multicloud Storage in IIoT","display_name":"A Scalable Two-Layer Blockchain System for Distributed Multicloud Storage in IIoT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285251228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3179733"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3179733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3179733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051440813","display_name":"Tianyi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-2492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6697-2492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037428599","display_name":"Tie Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-2523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-2523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072995356","display_name":"Dengcheng Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-3040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dengcheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2126-3040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057898837","display_name":"Chaoxu Mu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-9513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoxu Mu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1055-9513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043935709","display_name":"Zhiguo Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1319-1224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiguo Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1319-1224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100616413","display_name":"Wenyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-2703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8728-2703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Software Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9825,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97866458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"12","first_page":"9173","last_page":"9183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.8498833179473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8187211751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.7280254364013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.7030221223831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5576608777046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5411602258682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.533076286315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4927351772785187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-data-store","display_name":"Distributed data store","score":0.48828816413879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.4302939176559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-database","display_name":"Distributed database","score":0.41371655464172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21302729845046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.19916784763336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18270760774612427}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.8498833179473877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8187211751937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.7280254364013672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.7030221223831177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5576608777046204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5411602258682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.533076286315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4927351772785187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24885549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339678","display_name":"Distributed data store","level":2,"score":0.48828816413879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.4302939176559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.41371655464172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21302729845046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.19916784763336182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18270760774612427}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3179733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3179733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5600000023841858}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2011158995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2001204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5315174627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62022061","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G648114362","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92167206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124448898","https://openalex.org/W2345968677","https://openalex.org/W2486460265","https://openalex.org/W2553854225","https://openalex.org/W2611798620","https://openalex.org/W2807801894","https://openalex.org/W2890075093","https://openalex.org/W2917183287","https://openalex.org/W2919781810","https://openalex.org/W2931728404","https://openalex.org/W2945828882","https://openalex.org/W3016340377","https://openalex.org/W3021133871","https://openalex.org/W3033233091","https://openalex.org/W3036707454","https://openalex.org/W3047034512","https://openalex.org/W3089096050","https://openalex.org/W3103320149","https://openalex.org/W3108722340","https://openalex.org/W3109047411","https://openalex.org/W3130357311","https://openalex.org/W3153580448","https://openalex.org/W3154548150","https://openalex.org/W3155347870","https://openalex.org/W3159354309","https://openalex.org/W3162980503","https://openalex.org/W3203197121","https://openalex.org/W3204817110","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6729722957","https://openalex.org/W6759625968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W2084547067","https://openalex.org/W3129662905","https://openalex.org/W1834679979","https://openalex.org/W2353225269"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"utilized":[3],"to":[4,24,32,66,69,106,126],"manage":[5],"distributed":[6,83,145],"multicloud":[7,146],"storage":[8,85,96],"in":[9,54,63,144],"the":[10,45,51,123],"industrial":[11],"Internet":[12],"of":[13,95,113],"Things.":[14],"Existing":[15],"approaches":[16],"commonly":[17],"use":[18,30],"trusted":[19],"third-party":[20,46],"servers":[21],"or":[22],"middlewares":[23],"search":[25],"data":[26,39,100,114,147],"allocation":[27,40],"strategies":[28],"and":[29,59,110,137],"blockchain":[31,80],"enhance":[33,127],"security.":[34],"However,":[35],"finding":[36],"a":[37,77,89],"fair":[38,108],"strategy":[41,109],"is":[42],"hard":[43],"when":[44],"brokers":[47],"are":[48],"manipulated.":[49],"Moreover,":[50],"complex":[52],"computing":[53],"generating":[55],"blocks":[56],"reduces":[57],"efficiency":[58,139],"heavy":[60],"communication":[61],"cost":[62],"consensus":[64,91,120,124],"leads":[65],"critical":[67],"challenges":[68],"scalability.":[70,128],"To":[71],"address":[72],"that,":[73],"this":[74],"article":[75],"proposes":[76],"scalable":[78],"two-layer":[79],"system":[81],"for":[82],"multi-cloud":[84],"(STSM).":[86],"We":[87,116],"design":[88],"novel":[90],"mechanism":[92],"called":[93],"proof":[94],"allocation,":[97],"which":[98],"integrates":[99],"placement":[101],"problems":[102],"into":[103,122],"leader":[104],"selection":[105],"achieve":[107],"high":[111,135,142],"QoS":[112,143],"storage.":[115],"also":[117],"incorporate":[118],"asynchronous":[119],"groups":[121],"process":[125],"Extensive":[129],"experiments":[130],"verify":[131],"that":[132],"STSM":[133],"gains":[134],"scalability":[136],"increases":[138],"while":[140],"achieving":[141],"allocation.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}